1. D o i m d i g i a o d u e q u o c p h o n g p h u t h u o c v a o<br />
diidng loi, q u a n diem c u a Dang, chinh sach, phap<br />
l u a t c u a N h a nifdc, nhiJng q u y d i n h c u a B o Q u o c<br />
phong, B o G i a o d u e v a D a o tao ve giao due, giao<br />
due quoc phong<br />
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Chitang 3<br />
TINH TAT Y E U<br />
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KHACH<br />
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D o i m d i g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g t r i i d c h e t p h u t h u o c v a o<br />
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QUAN VA<br />
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d i i d n g l o i , q u a n d i e m cua D a n g , c h i n h sach, phap<br />
<br />
THl/OiC DO GIA T R I DOI M 6 I<br />
GIAO DUG QUOC PHONG T R O N G<br />
TINH HINH Mdl<br />
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luat<br />
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c u a N h a n i i d c . L y l u a n v a t h i i c t i e n each m a n g V i e t N a m<br />
k h a n g d i n h r & n g , s\l l a n h dao c i i a D a n g l a n h a n to' q u y e t<br />
d i n h m o i t h ^ n g I d i c i i a each m a n g V i e t N a m , l a n h a n t o<br />
q u y e t d i n h t h i n g I d i c u a s\ n g h i e p quoc p h o n g v a d o i<br />
m d i g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g . T r e n cd sd d U d n g l o i eua D a n g ,<br />
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I- N H U N G V A N D E CO T I N H Q U Y L U A T C U A<br />
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l u a t p h a p ciaa N h a nadc, c o n g tae giao d u e quoc p h o n g<br />
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DOI MCil GIAO D U C Q U O C P H O N G<br />
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diidc t r i e n k h a i , x a h o i h o a , t r d t h a n h n h i e m v u cua t o a n<br />
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D o i m 6 i g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g l a x u h a d n g t a t y e u<br />
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xa h o i , v 6 i n h i e u h i n h thOfc p h o n g p h u , d a d a n g v a l u o n<br />
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k h a e h q u a n , p h u h d p v 6 i y e u c ^ u c i i a thUe t i e n x a y d U n g<br />
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d o i m d i . D a n g v a N h a niidc xac d i n h giao d u e quoc p h o n g<br />
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n e n quoc p h o n g t o a n d a n , x a y d U n g t h e t r a n c h i e n t r a n h<br />
n h a n d a n , b a o v e vCtng chic<br />
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T o quoc V i e t N a m x a h o i<br />
<br />
chu nghia trong thdi k y mdi va la mot qua t r i n h<br />
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tudn<br />
<br />
theo cdc quy luat khdch quan, c6 moi lien he bien chiCng,<br />
thong nhd't hHu cd. S u l i e n h e v a t a c d o n g q u a l a i g i i i a<br />
cae<br />
<br />
dieu kien khaeh<br />
<br />
quan va nhan<br />
<br />
to c h u quan hdp<br />
<br />
t h a n h h o a n c a n h h i e n t h i i e viia c h i l a d t t n g n h u t n g m a t<br />
t h u a n I d i , viXa chda d U n g n h i i n g m a t k h o k h a n , c h i p h o i<br />
v a d o i h o i g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g p h a i dUde d o i m d i t o a n<br />
d i e n de p h a t t r i e n .<br />
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iia<br />
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l a quoc sach, l a n h i e m v u c h i e n lude t r o n g y e u , l a cong<br />
t r i n h eo t i n h he t h o n g eua t o a n x a h o i ; l a bo p h a n h i i u cd<br />
t r o n g he t h o n g giao due quoc g i a .<br />
N h i e m v u quoc p h o n g , giao d u e quoc p h o n g l a c u a<br />
D a n g , N h a nadc va cua toan xa h o i . N g h i quyet cua<br />
D a n g , l u a t p h a p c i i a N h a n a d c , eac v a n b a n e u a C h i n h<br />
p h u l a ed sd de t i e n h a n h v a d o i m d i e o n g t a e g i a o d u e<br />
quoe p h o n g .<br />
Qua t r i n h h i n h thanh, phat t r i e n cung nhiing thanh<br />
t a u eua eong tae giao d u e quoe p h o n g t r o n g n h i J n g n a m<br />
q u a , t r a d e h e t p h a i k e t d i v a i t r d l a n h dao eua D a n g , v a i<br />
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tro to chiic, dieu hanh, quan ly cua Nha n\idc. Bxidng<br />
nhien, n h i i n g han che ve to chiic va quan ly giao due quoc<br />
phong cua mot so cd quan chijfe nang cua Dang va Nha<br />
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Nha nude, he thong bo may, cd quan chiic nang, doi ngu<br />
can bo tien hanh hien thiic hoa nhiem vu giao due quoc<br />
phong bang cac noi dung, h i n h thijte, bien phap cu the.<br />
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nude cung eo anh hudng tdi viec doi mdi, nang cao chat<br />
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Dong thdi, tren ed sd thiic tien cong tac giao due quoc<br />
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lUdng, hieu qua eong tac nay. Su chi dao khong kip thdi,<br />
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phong bao dam cho ditdng lo'i, quan diem ciia Dang, phap<br />
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nhflng quan diem, t u tiJcing thieu khoa hoc... d i n den sU<br />
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luat ciia Nha niidc diidc kiem nghiem, bo sung, phat t r i e n<br />
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cu the hoa trong giao due quoc phong de pham sai \km; s\i<br />
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va khong ngirng doi mdi.<br />
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nhan thiic cua l a n h dao, cd quan, ban, nganh khong day<br />
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N h i i vay, diidng loi, quan diem ciia Dang, chinh sach,<br />
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du deu tac dong, anh hUdng den viee thiic t h i cong tac doi<br />
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phap luat cua Nha nudc luon la cho dxia ve khoa hoe, ve<br />
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mdi giao due quoc phong.<br />
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phap ly eua sii doi mdi giao due quoc phong trong he thong<br />
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Dang, N h a nxidc c6 v a i t r o quyet d i n h t r o n g viec<br />
t h a n h lap cac to chiic chuyen t r a c h ve giao due quoc<br />
phong nhxi: Bo Quoc phong, H o i dong Giao due quoc<br />
phong T r u n g Udng, cac cd q u a n , ban, n g a n h , bo eo l i e n<br />
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giao due quoc dan.<br />
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2. D o i mdi giao due q u o c p h o n g p h u t h u o c vao<br />
quy d i n h c u a B o Q u o c p h o n g ve nhufng v a n de l i e n<br />
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q u a n va doi n g u can bo chuyen t r a c h c6 k h a nang,<br />
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q u a n tdi cong t a c q u a n s\i, q u o c phong, a n n i n h v a<br />
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t r i n h do, c6 lap trUdng, ban l i n h va t r i tue de triJe tiep<br />
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doi ngoai q u a n s\i<br />
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t i e n h a n h doi m d i giao due quoc phong, p h i i hdp v 6 i<br />
yeu cau m d i cua t h u e t i e n .<br />
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Bo Quoc phong la cd quan t h i i d n g trUe giiip H o i dong<br />
Giao due quoc phong T r u n g lidng to chiic, nghien eiiu, de<br />
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Diidng loi, quan diem cua Dang, c h i n h sach, phap<br />
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xuat, t r i n h T h u t i i d n g C h i n h p h u xem xet, quyet d i n h cac<br />
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l u a t ciia N h a nude la cd scl c h i n h t r i va phap ly ve n h i i n g<br />
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chii trUdng, phUdng hudng, ke hdach va cac cong tac<br />
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dieu k i e n can t h i e t doi vdi hoat dong giao due quoc<br />
phong, la cd s6 quyet d i n h hudng dau tU cac dieu k i e n vat<br />
chat, t i n h t h a n , n h i i n g yeu to bao dam cho viec doi mdi<br />
giao due quoc phong.<br />
Doi mdi giao due quoc phong p h u thuoc vao diidng loi<br />
ciia Dang, phap l u a t cua N h a niidc la mot t a t yeu khach<br />
quan, n h u n g sU p h u thuoc do khong may moe ma luon<br />
sang tao. Tren cd sci dUdng lo'i ciia Dang, phap l u a t ciia<br />
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quan t r o n g ciia giao due quoc phong; to chiic quan ly cac<br />
eau lac bo the thao hiidng nghiep quoc phong p h u hdp<br />
yeu eau quoc phong t r o n g t i n h h i n h mdi.<br />
Can eijt vao sU ehi dao cua Bo Quoc phong, cac quan<br />
k h u , quan doan, cac hoe vien, nha t r i i d n g quan doi, cac<br />
ddn v i , cac bo ehi huy quan siJ t i n h , t h a n h pho, ban chi<br />
huy quan s\l huyen, quan, t h i xa t h a m mxiu eho cap uy<br />
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v a c h m h q u y e n to chtfc tot c o n g tac doi m d i g i a o due quoc<br />
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x a y d i i n g he t h o n g v a n b a n q u y p h a m p h a p l u a t ve g i a o<br />
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p h o n g , b o i d U d n g k i e n thiie quoc p h o n g cho c a n bo c h u<br />
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due quoc p h o n g ; b i e n s o a n he t h o n g sach g i a o k h o a , g i a o<br />
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c h o t cac cap, cho hoc s i n h , sinh v i e n t r e n d i a b a n .<br />
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t r i n h , t a i l i e u g i a n g d a y phvi h d p v d i cac cap hoc, bac hoe<br />
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Q u a n d o i l a life l U d n g nong cot t r o n g h i e p dong, to<br />
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v a b a n h a n h t h o n g n h a t t r o n g ca nUdc; t h U d n g x u y e n<br />
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chiic va true tiep thiJc h i e n g i a o due quoc p h o n g cho t o a n<br />
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giao due, b o i dUdng, n a n g cao n g h i e p v u c h u y e n m o n cho<br />
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dan. T r e n ed sd nhCtng de x u a t eua cac cd quan ehuyen<br />
t r a c h ve g i a o due quoc phong. Bo Quoc phong b a n h a n h<br />
cac q u y d i n h , chi t h i , q u y e t d i n h ve to c h i i e , n h i e m v u ,<br />
t r a c h n h i e m eua cac cap va bao dam m o i m a t cho d o i m d i<br />
g i a o due quoc p h o n g dat k e t q u a . Bo Quoc p h o n g p h o i<br />
h d p vcii Bo Giao due va Dao<br />
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tao, cac bo, n g a n h c6<br />
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Hen<br />
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q u a n x a y d U n g cac c h u d n g t r i n h , b i e n s o a n t a i l i e u g i a n g<br />
day, t a p h u a n d o i n g u g i a o v i e n , to c h i i e n g h i e n cHu k h o a<br />
hoc, t o n g k e t g i a o due quoc p h o n g q u a tCfng t h d i<br />
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d o i n g u c a n bo q u a n l y v a giao v i e n g i a o due quoc p h o n g<br />
cl cac bac hoe v d i n h i e u h i n h t h i l c , b i e n p h a p p h u h d p .<br />
Cac n h a t r i i d n g t h i i c h i e n d o i m d i g i a o due quoc<br />
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d e u c a n c i l v a o cac v a n b a n chi dao, q u a n l y c o n g t a c g i a o<br />
due quoc p h o n g eua Bo Giao due v a Dao t a o v a Bo Quoc<br />
p h o n g . SiJ e h i dao, q u a n l y g i a o due quoc p h o n g eiia Bg<br />
Giao due v a Dao t a o l a cd sci t r t t e t i e p de d o i m d i g i a o due<br />
quoc p h o n g eua cae n h a t r U d n g t r o n g he t h o n g g i a o due<br />
quoc d a n h i e n n a y .<br />
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ky...<br />
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Q u a do, t h a m m u u , de x u a t v6i l a n h dao cac c h u t r U d n g ,<br />
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4. D o i mcfi g i a o d u e q u o c p h o n g p h u t h u o c<br />
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e h i n h s a c h ve doi m d i g i a o due quoc p h o n g . Bo c h i h u y<br />
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dinh<br />
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hifdng<br />
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q u a n sU cac t i n h , t h a n h p h o ' c o n h i e m v u p h o i h d p v d i cac<br />
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quoc<br />
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dan<br />
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cd sd g i a o due va dao tao to c h i l e g i a o due quoc p h o n g cho<br />
hoc s i n h , s i n h v i e n , v.v..<br />
3. D o i mdi giao due<br />
nhufng q u y<br />
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phat trien eua<br />
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he<br />
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thong<br />
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giao<br />
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D i n h h i i d n g doi m d i , p h a t t r i e n n e n giao due<br />
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vao<br />
due<br />
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eua<br />
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D a n g la cd sd l y l u a n q u y e t d i n h p h U d n g h i i d n g , n g i<br />
quoc phong phu thuoc<br />
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d i n h v a svT c h i dao,<br />
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G i a o due v a D a o<br />
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phong<br />
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h i t d n g din<br />
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cua<br />
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vao<br />
Bo<br />
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tao.<br />
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d u n g d o i m d i g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g t r o n g he t h o n g g i a o<br />
due quoc d a n h i e n n a y . Vdi t u each l a m o t c o n g t a c n a m<br />
t r o n g he t h o n g g i a o d u e quoc d a n , g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g<br />
p h a i q u a n t r i e t va h i e n thue hoa d i n h h u d n g doi m d i<br />
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Bo Giao due va Dao t a o l a ed q u a n t r U c t i e p c h i dao,<br />
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g i a o due e u a D a n g v a o d d i s o n g h i e n t h u c . D i n h h u d n g<br />
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q u a n ly c o n g t a c g i a o due quoc p h o n g cho hoe s i n h , s i n h<br />
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p h a t t r i e n g i a o due eua D a n g d a t ed sd, n e n t a n g cho<br />
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v i e n t r o n g cac nha t r i i d n g t h u o c he t h o n g g i a o due<br />
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quoc<br />
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n h a n t h i l e , t i i d u y d u n g d i n , k h o a hgc ve g i a o d u e quoc<br />
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d a n ; gop p h a n q u a n t r o n g vao v i e c xay d U n g v a t h a m g i a<br />
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p h o n g ; d o n g t h d i v a c h r a phiJdng h u d n g , each t h i i c d d i<br />
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120<br />
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mdi giao due quo'c phong mot each toan dien, ed ban, he<br />
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gia. Thdi gian gan day, cac the lUe t h u dich rao rie't thiic<br />
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thong, hien dai; han che each lam chSp va, cue bo, h i n h<br />
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hien am mxiu "dien bien hoa b i n h " , bao loan l a t do, sxi<br />
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thtic, kem hieu qua. D i n h hifdng phat t r i e n eiia he<br />
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dung eae chieu bai "dan chu", " n h a n quyen", "dan toe",<br />
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thong giao due quo'c dan con chi pho'i viee doi m6i<br />
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"ton giao" hong lam thay doi ehe do c h i n h t r i ci nxidc ta.<br />
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phUdng phap va each thiie to chiic giao due, nang cao<br />
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N h i i n g dien bien het siic phvic tap ci Tay Nguyen, Tay<br />
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chat lUdng doi ngu giao vien giao due quoc phong, t a n g<br />
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N a m , Tay B^e do eae the luc t h i i dich gay ra cang doi hoi<br />
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eUdng cd sci vat chat cho cac t r u n g tarn va cd sci giao due<br />
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chung ta phai l a m to't hdn cong tac giao due quoc phong;<br />
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quoc phong.<br />
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phai l a m gi de giiip nhan dan hieu ai la do'i tUdng, ai la<br />
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Co the thay rang, hiem eo mon khoa hoc nao dUdc<br />
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doi tac, ai la ban, ai la t h i i , biet xem xet, x i i ly diing dSn<br />
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quy d i n h nhieu van ban v6i ti'nh phap ly cao nhit mon<br />
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cac mo'i quan he, viia mci rong quan he hdp tac, giao l i i u ;<br />
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giao due quoc phong. Do la n h i i n g quy d i n h cua L u a t ; Chi<br />
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vijfa dau t r a n h , ngan chan sii Idi dung de thiie hien am<br />
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t h i cua Bo Quoc phong; cac nghi d i n h , thong tif lien<br />
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m i i u cho'ng pha cua cac the Itte t h i dich.<br />
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nganh den eae van ban ehi dao cua nganh... Dieu do the<br />
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Giao due quoc phong la mot bo phan quan trong eiia<br />
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hien sii quan tarn sau sac eiia Dang va Nha nxidc doi v6i<br />
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cong tae quoc phong. Cong tac nay trong bat luan hoan<br />
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cong tac nay; do la n h i i n g yeu to'quan t r o n g lam cho cong<br />
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canh nao deu c6 mo'i quan he mat thiet v6i t i n h h i n h thue<br />
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tac giao due quoc phong luon dUdc doi m6i, doi m6i dong<br />
bo va dat hieu qua cao.<br />
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t i l n , lien quan triic tiep den cong tac phong, cho'ng am<br />
m i i u , t h i i doan cua ke t h u . V i vay, trong doi mdi noi dung<br />
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5. D o i mofi giao due quoc p h o n g p h u t h u o c vao<br />
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giao due quoc phong can phai lam ro am m i i u , t h u doan<br />
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s\i v a n dong, d i e n b i e n c u a a m mxiu, t h u d o a n c u a<br />
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cua ke t h u doi vdi each mang nxidc ta, l a m eho moi ngiidi<br />
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ke t h u , vao n h i e m v u q u o c p h o n g v a bao ve T o<br />
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dan hieu ro ban chat, am m i i u eiia ke t h u , bao dam "biet<br />
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quoc Viet N a m xa hoi c h u nghia<br />
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dich, biet t a " de nang cao canh giac each mang, san sang<br />
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A m mUu, t h t i doan eiia ke thu t r o n g cho'ng pha each<br />
mang Viet N a m la het silc t i n h v i va phiic tap. De dap<br />
tan am mUu cua dich. Dang va Nha nu6e ta da va dang<br />
CO n h i e u bien phap t i c h cUe, t r o n g do eo bien phap doi<br />
mdi giao due quoc phong t r o n g he thong giao due quoc<br />
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dap t a n moi am m i i u , t h i i doan cua ke dich. N&m chSc am<br />
m i i u , t h u doan cua ke t h i i la cd sd de doi mdi noi dung giao<br />
due quo'c phong, cap nhat, phat t r i e n , doi mdi h i n h thiie,<br />
phiidng phap, liic lUdng trong giao due quo'c phong. Su xa<br />
rdi thiie t i i n , khong hieu hoac hieu sai ve ke t h u se la<br />
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khiem khuyet 16n, c6 the d i n den viec rdi vao giao dieu,<br />
duy tarn, duy y chi trong cong tac giao due quoc phong.<br />
Xet tii ban chat, am mUu, t h u doan eua cac the \\ic<br />
t h u dich do'i v6i each mang nu6e ta, t h i chien lUdc "dien<br />
bien hoa b i n h " dang la mot nguy cd khong the xem<br />
thUdng, dang h^ng ngay, hkng gid t a n cong lam suy yeu<br />
<br />
tUdng. Dieu do doi hoi giao due quoc phong phai hiidng<br />
tdi xay diing va cung eo v i i n g chSc t r a n dia tU tifdng xa<br />
hoi chu nghia eho cac lUc lUdng. Trong giao due quoc<br />
phong, cac noi dung va h i n h thiic t i e n hanh phai luon<br />
luon doi mdi, phan anh k i p thdi n h i i n g d i i n bien phiie<br />
tap ciia t i n h h i n h , dac biet la n h i i n g am m i i u , t h i i doan<br />
cua ke t h u trong l i n h vUc t\i tUdng.<br />
<br />
s U l a n h dao eua Dang, s\i ton vong eua che do ta. V i vay,<br />
<br />
Doi m6i giao due quoc phong trong he thong giao due<br />
<br />
trong giao due quoc phong trUde het p h a i d i n h hadng,<br />
<br />
quoc dan phu thuoc t n i c tiep vao sii phat t r i e n eua nhiem<br />
<br />
lam ro am m\iu, thu doan " d i i n bien hoa b i n h " eua dich.<br />
<br />
v u quoc phong, nhiem vu bao ve To quoc; giao due quoc<br />
<br />
A m m i i u t h a m doc nhat t r o n g chien lude "dien bien<br />
hoa b i n h " cua ke t h u la tdch qudn dgi khoi nhdn<br />
<br />
dan,<br />
<br />
phd hogi khoi dgi dodn ket toan dan tgc, k h a i thac n h i i n g<br />
<br />
phong can dUde xae d i n h d i i n g dan, p h u hdp t r o n g t i i n g<br />
giai doan lich<br />
<br />
n h a t d i n h va luon dUdc bo sung, phat<br />
<br />
t r i e n p h u hdp vcfi yeu eau mdi cua t i n h h i n h .<br />
<br />
m a u t h u ^ n nhat thdi ciia mot v a i ddn v i quan doi v6i mot<br />
<br />
N h i e m v u ciia nen quoc phong toan dan l u o n difdc bo<br />
<br />
bo phan quan ehiing... d cac dia ban eu the, tii do c6 lap<br />
<br />
sung, phat t r i e n va cu the hoa eho p h u hdp vdi dieu<br />
<br />
quan doi, "v6 hieu hoa" liic liidng v i i t r a n g . Doi mcti giao<br />
<br />
k i e n , t i n h h i n h cu the. Giao due quoc phong k h o n g<br />
<br />
due quoc phong phai thay diidc n h i i n g h i n h t h a i va n h i i n g<br />
<br />
n h i i n g phan a n h d i i n g t i n h h i n h do, ma muc dich Icfn<br />
<br />
dac diem, dieu kien mdi trong quan he quan dan de eo noi<br />
<br />
hdn la thong qua viec t r a n g h i n h i i n g k i e n thiic quoc<br />
<br />
dung mdi, hiidng vao xay dUng the t r a n long dan ehong<br />
<br />
phong, dudng lo'i, quan diem, tU t u 6 n g quoc phong de<br />
<br />
am m i i u "dien bien hoa b i n h " , bao loan lat do eua dich.<br />
<br />
h i n h t h a n h n h a n each va chuan h i t i n h t h ^ n , k h a n a n g<br />
<br />
Muc tieu hdng ddu cua chien liidc "dien bien hod<br />
ciia cdc the lUc thii dich Id tien hdnh cugc chien tranh<br />
ly - tit tiidng.<br />
<br />
binh"<br />
tdm<br />
<br />
Cac the lUc t h u dich da va dang ap dung<br />
<br />
nhieu t h u doan hong lam tan ra he t\l tUdng Mae - Lenin,<br />
ha thap vai tro t U txlbng Ho Chi M i n h , cong kich doi xoa<br />
bo sii l a n h dao ciia Dang; thUc hien " p h i c h i n h t r i hoa"<br />
quan doi. Day la mot t r o n g cac am m i i u xao quyet cua<br />
chien liide " d i i n bien hoa b i n h " t r e n l i n h vUc c h i n h t r i , t U<br />
124<br />
<br />
san sang thUc h i e n nghia v u eho moi cong dan t r o n g<br />
cong tac quoc phong.<br />
Co the noi, giao due quoc phong t r o n g he thong giao<br />
due quoc gia p h u thuoc vao nhieu nhan to. Thiic chat<br />
n h i i n g nhan to nay la n h i i n g moi quan he ban chfi't, t a t<br />
yeu lap d i lap l a i , dUdc xae d i n h la n h i i n g van de c6 t i n h<br />
quy luat. Trong do, sU p h u thuoc ciia giao due quoc phong<br />
doi vdi nhiem v u bao ve To quoc diidc xae d i n h n h i i van<br />
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1^5<br />
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