Giáo trình đào tạo máy trưởng hạng ba môn Tiếng Anh cơ bản - Cục Đường thủy nội địa Việt Nam

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"Giáo trình đào tạo máy trưởng hạng ba môn Tiếng Anh cơ bản" do Cục Đường thủy nội địa Việt Nam tổ chức biên soạn gồm các bài học sau: Unit 1: Introduce letters, pronunciation symbols and types of english words - Unit 2: A sailor family - Unit 3: My school - Unit 4: School life - Unit 5: The motor cars - Unit 6: The telephone - Unit 7: The radio.

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Nội dung Text: Giáo trình đào tạo máy trưởng hạng ba môn Tiếng Anh cơ bản - Cục Đường thủy nội địa Việt Nam

BỘ GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI CỤC ĐƯỜNG THỦY NỘI ĐỊA VIỆT NAM GIÁO TRÌNH ĐÀO TẠO MÁY TRƯỞNG HẠNG BA MÔN TIẾNG ANH CƠ BẢN
Năm 2014
LỜI GIỚI THIỆU Thực hiện chương trình đổi mới nâng cao chất lượng đào tạo thuyền viên, người lái phương tiện thủy nội địa quy định tại Thông tư số 57/2014/TTBGTVT ngày 24 tháng 10 năm 2014 của Bộ trưởng Bộ Giao thông vận tải. Để từng bước hoàn thiện giáo trình đào tạo thuyền viên, người lái phương tiện thủy nội địa, cập nhật những kiến thức và kỹ năng mới. Cục Đường thủy nội địa Việt Nam tổ chức biên soạn “Giáo trình tiếng Anh cơ bản”. Đây là tài liệu cần thiết cho cán bộ, giáo viên và học viên nghiên cứu, giảng dạy, học tập. Trong quá trình biên soạn không tránh khỏi những thiếu sót, Cục Đường thủy nội địa Việt Nam mong nhận được ý kiến đóng góp của Quý bạn đọc để hoàn thiện nội dung giáo trình đáp ứng đòi hỏi của thực tiễn đối với công tác đào tạo thuyền viên, người lái phương tiện thủy nội địa. CỤC ĐƯỜNG THỦY NỘI ĐỊA VIỆT NAM 3
CONTENTS LỜI GIỚI THIỆU ............................................................................................................. 3 1.1 English letters ........................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Vowels ............................................................................................................... 5 1.1.2 Consonants ........................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Phonetic symbols ..................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Types of words ......................................................................................................... 7 USES OF RADIO ..................................................................................................... 67 4
Unit 1 INTRODUCE LETTERS, PRONUNCIATION SYMBOLS AND TYPES OF ENGLISH WORDS 1.1 English letters Reading the English alphabet below: Questions: 1) How many vowels are there in the English alphabet? 2) How many vowels and consonants? 3) Can you spell all of them? 4) Compare with the Vietnamese alphabet (amounts of letters, pronunciation, …) 5) Spell letters in words. 1.1.1 Vowels 5
A [ei] O [ou] E [i:] U [ju:] I [ai] 1.1.2 Consonants B [bi:] bar; bee K [kei] kick S [es] sea, sit C [si:] clever L [el] lemon T [ti:] town, title D [di:] dad; dive M [em] mother V [vi:] vowel F [ef] father; far N [en] new; men W [dʌblju] wish G [dʒi:] language P [pi:] peace X [eks] xenon H [eitʃ] harbour Q [kju:] quarter Y [wai] young J [dʒei] jockey R [a:] read; car Z [zed] zero; zigzag 1.2 Phonetic symbols 6
1.3 Types of words 1.3.1. Adjective (Adj.) 1.3.1.1 Usages: An adjective describes a person or thing. It gives the reader or speaker extra information about a noun or delimits it in some way, such as long hair, red wine etc. 1.3.1.2 Forms: a word (beautiful, clever) and a phrase (an old tall man). 1.3.1.3 Positions: It can occur in two positions in a phrase: Before the noun as in clear water, beautiful beaches, a terrible decision (attributive). After any form of the verb be (e.g. am, is, was, been) and similar verbs (seem, appear, become) as in the water became clear, the beaches are beautiful (predicative). 1.3.1.4 Types: We cannot divide clearly, but the ing adjective tells us about things or events (politics is very interesting; my job is boring), and the ed adjective tells us how somebody feels about those things or events (Julia is interested in politics; I’m bored with my job). 1.3.2 Adverb (Adv.) 1.3.2.1 Usages: An adverb tells us about a verb. An adverb tells us how somebody does something or how something happens (Tom drives carefully; it rains heavily). An adverb adds more information about place, time, manner, cause or degree to a verb, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb. 1.3.2.2 Forms: The class of adverbs is very wideranging in form and is used to add comments to many of the other word classes. Normally made from adjectives by the addition of the ending: => Adjective + –ly (quickly, hopelessly), e.g. awful > awfully, incredible > incredibly; slow > slowly. Other words which are difficult to classify, like not, just and soon. 1.3.2.3 Positions: After verb and/or an object (she speaks English perfectly; they walk quickly etc.). Before adjectives and/or other adverbs (terribly sorry; incredibly quickly etc.). 1.3.2.4 Types: Adverbs of frequency, such as never, usually, always, seldom, etc. Adverbs of place, time, manner, cause or degree, such as quietly, sadly etc. 1.3.3 Conjunction (Conj.) 1.3.3.1 Usages: Conjunctions connect two or more clauses, phrases or words together to make longer constructions. 7
1.3.3.2 Forms: a word (but, then, although) and a phrase (in case of; as long as). 1.3.3.3 Position: Before a noun and at the beginning of a sentence: Despite the rain, they enjoy their holiday. Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. Before a noun and in the middle of a sentence(s) We didn’t go out because of the rain. I didn’t get the job in spite of the fact (that) I had all necessary qualifications. At the end of a sentence (in spoken language): The house isn’t very nice, I like the garden though. (= but I like the garden). 1.3.3.4 Types: The coordinating conjunction: connects the same grammatical status. Examples: a) The coffee was strong, but sweet. b) We can go to the match or watch it on TV. c) She has a dog and two cats. The subordinating conjunction cannot stand on its own, but needs another more important clause to complete the meaning. Examples: d) When I arrived home, they had already eaten. e) I had to stop driving because the rain was so bad. f) Can I have a word with you, if you’ve got the time? g) Although he can’t swim, he goes sailing. 1.3.4 Noun (N.) 1.3.4.1 Usages: Noun refers to: A person, examples: Ann, Peter, woman, Prime Minister, pianist etc. A quality or a an activity, examples: plant, sorrow, tennis etc. A place, examples: office, cabin, deck floor, railway station etc. 1.3.4.2 Forms: a word (ship; harbor) or group of words (noun phrases, such as: Second Officer; Dog Watch; some ports; a bigger vessel etc.). 1.3.4.3 Positions: before and/or after a verb (a cat catches a mouse). Noun can be a subject, an object, a complement or an object of a preposition, example: I spoke to the driver of the car. 1.3.4.4 Types: we can easily recognize the nouns into two types: Common nouns and Proper nouns (the names of a specific person, place, event etc., usually starting with a capital letter, for example, York , John, Christmas, Saturday); but both of them continue to be divided into two main groups below: Countable nouns: + singular: a seaman, a pilot, an idea… + plural: seamen, pilots, ideas… 8
Uncountable nouns: can not use any numbers before them directly: water, fuel, ice, … 1.3.5 Preposition (Prep.) 1.3.5.1 Usages: We use the preposition to talk about: Either time or space: in, on, under, beside, through, inside, before, opposite. Possession (the seat of mine), cause (because of), purpose (in order to), and method (by bicycle). 1.3.5.2 Forms: Multiword units: out of, by means of, in spite of, instead of, up to etc. A part of a verb: get in, pick up, switch off Phrase containing a noun: at school, in the summer, over the moon,… 1.3.5.3 Positions: Before nouns of time, places or means / methods (at sunset; about 20 minutes; in classroom; on the ship; by train; on foot; by hand; by somebody). After nouns to tell about causes, effects (reason for; demand of). After verbs to tell about directions (run up; push in; reply to a letter). After adjectives: (good for nothing; excited about going out; It’s very kind of you). 1.3.5.4 Types: Prepositions of time: in, on, at,… Prepositions of position (space; place): behind, between, in, in front of, next to, opposite, on, under, … Prepositions of movement: above, down, out of, over, into, round, through, up,... 1.3.6 Pronoun (Pron.) 1.3.6.1 Usages: A pronoun is used instead of a noun or a noun phrase. Pronouns are usually treated as a special subclass of nouns. Some examples of pronouns are: I, you, he, she, our, its, something, anyone and so on. Examples: Bill’s arrived. Bill’s in the lounge => Bill’s arrived. He’s in the lounge. A person called for you => Someone called for you. 1.3.6.2 Forms: a word (we, anybody) and a phrase (both of them). 1.3.6.3 Positions: as a noun or a noun phrase, but not at the first sentence. 1.3.6.4 Types: Demonstrative Pronouns: this, that, these, those, one, ones. Personal Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs. Relative Pronouns: whom, which, that, etc. Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. 1.3.7 Verb (V.) 9
1.3.7.1 Usages: Verb expresses an action (row), an event (happen) or a state (exist). 1.3.7.2 Forms: a word (watch, steer) or group of words (verb phrases such as look at, think about, let out, etc.). 1.3.7.3 Positions: after a noun and/or pronoun (N = S): He runs along the riverbank; We went on board at twelve, … 1.3.7.4 Types: Action verbs: run, initiate, judge, throw, … Nonaction verbs: see, know, think and so on. 1.4 Practice 1.4.1 Repeat the letters of the tape 1.8; LifelinesElementary. 1.4.2 Spell some proper names (countries and cities) and private names (students’ names). 1.4.3 Write down the words (listening to the tape 1.9; LifelinesElementary). 1.5 Answer questions: 1) How many letters are there in the English alphabet? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2) How are the vowels pronounced? Are there any differences with the consonants? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3) List some main types of English words. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4) What does an adverb tell us about? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5) Can a pronoun replace an adjective? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 10
Unit 2 A SAILOR FAMILY 2.1 Conversation: On a bus A Sorry, is this seat free? B Yes, it is. Pleased sit down. A Thanks. B Where are you going? A I’m going to Đà Nẵng. How about you? B Me too! Is your home there? A No, My ship is at Đà Nẵng Port. B Oh! Are you a seaman? A Yes, I am. What is your job? 11
B I am an Engineer in a ship crew. I go to Đà Nẵng for my first navigation. A That’s interesting! What is your ship’s name? B Marine Angel. A It sounds great! Please go with me, my young colleague! 2.2 Grammar: Present Simple Tense To describe regular events or permanent states. To talk about general truths. 2.2.1 To Be 2.2.1.1 Positives: S BE N / Adj. I am a navigator. You are an engineer. He / she my colleague. is It great. We / you / they are sailors. 2.2.1.2 Negatives: S BE NOT N / Adj. I am not an Engineer. You aren’t a Navigator. He / she a Pilot. isn’t It great. We / you / they aren’t students. 2.2.1.3 Questions: Y / N: BE (NOT) S N / Adj. Am I a teacher? (1) Are / aren’t you a sailor? (2) his wife an artist? (3) Is / isn’t her daughter very cute? (4) it interesting? (5) Are / aren’t we / you / they from Cambodia? (6) Short answers: Yes, S + am / is / are. No, S + am / is / are not. (1) Yes, you are / No, you are not. (2) Yes, I’m / No, I’m not. (3) Yes, she is / No, she is not. 12
(Students practice to answer the questions 4, 5, 6). Wh: Wh Be (not) S N / Adj. Others Who am I? (1) Where are you from? (2) What is his job? (3) Why aren’t we / you / they so strong? (4) Answers: Give information, may be short or full sentence. (1) You are an Engineer. (2) I’m from Kiên Giang. (3) He is a navigator. (4) Because we / you / they do exercise very often. 2.2.2 To Have 2.2.2.1 Positives: S Have / Has N Others I / you / we / they have a new house in the city. He / she / it has some water in the jar. 2.2.2.2 Negatives: S Don’t / Have N Others Doesn’t I / you / we / they don’t a new house in the city have He / she / it doesn’t any water in the jar. 2.2.2.3 Questions: Y / N: Do / Does (not) S Have N Others Do / don’t I / you / we / they a new house in the city? (1) have Does / doesn’t he / she / it any water in the jar? (2) Short answers: Yes, S + do (does) / No, S + do (does) not. (1) Yes, I (you, we, they) do / No, I (you, we, they) don’t. (2) Yes, he (she, it) does / No, , he (she, it) doesn’t. Wh: What, why, when, how, where, … 13
Wh Do / Does (not) S Have (N) Others What do / don’t I / you / we / they in the city? (1) have When does / doesn’t he / she / it any water in the jar? (2) Answers: Give information, may be short or full sentence. (1) We have many things: cars, houses and gardens. (2) Why do you ask me? I have no ideas. 2.2.3 Normal verbs Spelling: * General rule: in the 3rd person singular we add s to the infinitive. Examples: Read > He reads a newspaper every morning. Travel > She often travels to Đà Lạt at Tết holiday. * When the verb ends in consonant y, we change y to ies (y after a consonant) Examples: Fly > It flies around the tree. Hurry > hurries Try > He tries to finish that work. But play > plays * Exception: When the verb ends in ss, sh, ch, x, z and o, we add es (o after a consonant) Examples: Go > He goes to school by car. Do > He does the homework in the morning. Pronunciation: * After a vowel sound or a voiced consonant we pronounce the final s [z]: goes [gouz] come [kʌmz] * After a voiceless consonant t, p, k, we pronounce the final s [s]: cuts [kʌts] looks [luks] stops [stops] * When the verb ends in ges, ches, sses, ses, shes, we pronounce es [iz]: changes [tʃeindʒiz] pushes [puʃiz] passes [pa:siz] watches [wotʃiz] 2.2.3.1 Positives: S V (V phrase) Others I / you / we / they like autumn. He / she / it goes to school by bus. 2.2.3.2 Negatives: S Do / Does + Not V (V phrase) (Others) I / you / we / they don’t like storms. 14
He / she / it doesn’t go to school by bus. 2.2.3.3 Questions: Y / N: Do / Does + Not S V (V phrase) (Others) Do / don’t I / you / we / they like storms? Does / doesn’t he / she / it go to school by bus? Short answers: Yes, S + do (does) / No, S + do (does) not. (1) Yes, I (you, we, they) do / No, I (you, we, they) don’t. (2) Yes, he (she, it) does. / No, he (she, it) doesn’t. Wh: Wh Do / Does + Not S V (V phrase) (Others) What do / don’t I / you / we / they like? (1) How does he / she / it go to school? (2) Answers: Give information, may be short or full sentence. (1) I / you / we / they like Autumn, but I / you / we / they don’t like storms. (2) He / she / it goes to school by bus. 2.3 Vocabulary 2.3.1 The text Trung is thirty two years old. He works for Fancon Shipping Company. In the Ship’s crew, his working place is in the Deck Department. He is a man with a lot of knowledge and practical experience in seamanship. Trung is a sailor inborn. His father was an experienced Master and his mother was an accountant of Tan Cang Port. From childhood, he dreamed to become a sailor to travel everywhere. After graduated, he went on board to do lots of work that he didn’t learn at the university: cooking, cleaning, etc ... Now, Trung is a Bosun. He is married. His wife is a doctor at Navy Hospital. They have a threeyear daughter. His ship travels to many places, inland ports and oversea ports. Once a month, he comes back home to visit his family, which is an extended one. His parents are retired. They help him to look after family when his spouses go to work. Everyday, his wife goes to work by motorcycle. She takes their daughter to the 15
kindergarten, too. Trung loves his family so much. When the ship is underway, he misses parents, his wife, especial the laugh of his little daughter. But when going ashore, he misses his ship, the sounds of waves … That is a real sailor’s life. 2.3.2 Pronunciation: 2.3.2.1 Adverbs: Adverbs of frequency: Never > sometimes > often > usually > always 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Other adverbs: Still [sti:l] vẫn thường, vẫn còn. Just [jʌst] chỉ, vừa mới 2.3.2.2 Cardinal numbers: The numbers from 1 to 20 One Eleven Two Twelve Three Thirteen Four Fourteen Five Fifteen Six Sixteen Seven Seventeen Eight Eighteen Nine Nineteen Ten Twenty The numbers from 21 to 100: THE TENS NUMBERS 1 9 Twenty One Thirty Two Forty Three Fifty Four Sixty Five Seventy Six Eighty Seven Ninety Eight A hundred Nine 16
2.3.2.3 Nouns Nouns of Jobs: Danh từ về nghề nghiệp Accountant [əˈkaʊntənt] nhân viên kế toán Job [dʒɒb] nghề nghiệp, công việc Sailor [ˈseɪlə(r)] lính thuỷ, thuỷ thủ Nouns of Family Relationship: Danh từ về quan hệ gia đình Brother [’brʌðə(r)] anh / em trai Daughter [ˈdɔːtə(r)] con gái Family [ˈfæməli] gia đình Father [ˈfɑː δə(r)] cha Husband [‘hʌzbənd] chồng Mother [ˈmʌðə(r)] mẹ Nephew [‘nefju:; ‘nevju:] cháu trai Parents [ˈpeərənt] cha mẹ Sister [sistə] chị (em) Son [sʌn] con trai Uncle [‘ʌŋkl] bác trai, chú, cậu, dượng Wife [waif] vợ Others nouns: Danh từ khác Bosun [‘bəʊsn] thủy thủ trưởng Childhood [‘tʃaildhʊd] tuổi ấu thơ, thời thơ ấu Master / Captain [mastǝ] thuyền trưởng Deck Department [dek ,de’pa:tment] bộ phận boong Experience [iks’piǝriǝns] kinh nghiệm, điều đã trải qua Inland ports [in’lænd pɔːt] cảng nội địa Kindergarten [‘kindǝ,ga:tn] lớp mẫu giáo, vườn trẻ Knowledge [‘nɔːlidʒ] kiến thức, sự hiểu biết Navy Hospital [‘neivi,hɔspitl] bệnh viện hải quân Oversea port [‘əʊvə’si:,pɔːt] cảng nước ngoài Ship [ʃɪp] tàu thuyền Shipping company [ˈʃɪpɪŋ’kʌmpǝni] công ty vận tải biển Seamanship [‘si:mǝnʃɪp] nghề đi biển, tài đi biển Spouses [spaʊz] vợ, chồng, vợ chồng Voyage [ˈvɔɪdʒ] chuyến đi, hành trình Working place [‘wɔːkiŋpleis] nơi làm việc, chỗ làm Years old [jɪə(r)zəʊld] ... tuổi 2.3.2.4 Verbs: Động từ Come back [‘kʌmbæk] trở lại Extend [iks’tend] mở rộng, kéo dài 17
Go ashore [gəʊ ə’ʃɔː] lên bờ, vào bờ Go on board [,gəʊɒn’bɔːd] lên tàu Graduate [‘grædju:eit] tốt nghiệp Laugh [la:f] cười thành tiếng, tiếng cười Look after [lʊk ‘æftə] chăm sóc, trông nom Love [lʌv] yêu, tình yêu Miss [mɪs] nhớ, lỡ (nhỡ) Retire [rɪˈtaɪə(r)] nghỉ hưu Take care of [teɪk keə(r) əv] chăm sóc Travel [ˈtrævl] đi, đi lại, du lịch 2.3.2.5 Adjectives: Tính từ Cute [kju:t] xinh xắn, dễ thương Eager [i:gə] háo hức Funny [ˈfʌni] buồn cười Good [ɡʊd] tốt, hay Inborn [,in’bɔ:n] bẩm sinh Lovely [‘lʌvli] đẹp, dễ thương Underway [ˌʌndəˈweɪ] trên đường đi 2.3.2.6 Prepositions, adverb Giới từ After [ˈɑːftə(r)] sau khi Under [ˌʌndə] ở dưới Used to [ˈjuːst,tə] đã từng 2.4 Practice 2.4.1 Answer questions: 1. What does Trung do? _________________________________________________________________ 2. Is Trung’s wife an accountant? _________________________________________________________________ 3. What port does his ship often arrive? _________________________________________________________________ 4. Does Trung have two daughters? _________________________________________________________________ 5. How often does he come home? _________________________________________________________________ 6. Are his parents still working? 18
_________________________________________________________________ 7. Doesn’t he like working on ship? _________________________________________________________________ 8. What does he miss when going ashore? _________________________________________________________________ 9. How does Trung feel when coming home after voyages? _________________________________________________________________ 10. What do you think about his job? _________________________________________________________________ 2.4.2 Match the adjectives with their opposites: A B 1. Big a. Ugly 2. Easy b. Old 3. Expensive c. Young 4. Fast d. Difficult 5. Hot e. Cheap 6. Lovely f. Short 7. New g. Slow 8. Old h. Small 9. Tall i. Cold 2.4.3 Using the adjectives above or the correct form of the verb to fill the blanks: 1. Forty years old ___ old. 2. “2 x 2 = 4” is ___. 3. The rabbit is ___, but the tortoise is ___. 4. Buffaloes are ___, but flies are ___. 5. Summer ___ hot and winter ___ cold. 6. ___ the cat look ugly? 7. Thirteen years old is very ___. 8. Two thousand VND a pen is ___, but two dollars is ___. 9. What vehicle does she ___ to work? – Motorcycle. 10. It’s too ___ to go abroad. It’s expensive. 2.4.4 Use ‘have’ and ‘has’ to complete sentences: 19
1. We _______ grammar books. 2. I _______ a dictionary. 3. Kate _______ a green notebook. 4. Bob _______ a ruler in his pocket. 5. Anna and Bob _______ book bags. 6. He doesn’t _______ an English book. 7. My student’s book _______ a red cover. 8. Do you and Sara _______ any wallets? 9. Where is Nadia today? Does she _______ the flu? 10. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson _______ two daughters. 2.5 Questions 1. What is the content of the essay below? _________________________________________________________________ 2. Where is the boy? _________________________________________________________________ 3. What relationship do they have? _________________________________________________________________ 4. Are there any difficult words to read? What are they? ________________________________________________________________ 5. Use a dictionary, then give the spelling and meaning of the given words. Vocabulary Pronunciation Meaning Appearance Appropriate Become Beg Conclude Difficulty Flesh Glad God Great Harm Overcome 20