NGHIEN cuu-TRAODOI<br />
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• PGS-TS. CAO DUY HA hinh kinh doanh va dich vu; vufa thildng mai khdng ngufng cdi tien<br />
Hoc vien CT-HC Quoc gia HCM lien doanh, lidn ket, vufa til do phifdng thufc phuc vu hien dai va<br />
hod, vufa dpc quyen, vufa canh ludn ludn ddi mdi dich vu theo<br />
tranh, viia hdp tac, vufa binh xu hildng lay ngiidi tidu diing<br />
I. Xu hii'dng phat trien ddng va khdng binh dang trong lam trpng tam va coi khach<br />
thtfdng mai quo'c te' ngay nay kinh doanh, deu cung nhau hang nhif "thildng de".<br />
Cac qud'c gia tren the' gidi tham gia hoat dpng mua bdn vd U. Mot so van d6 Viet Nam<br />
hien nay du ldn hay nhd, sdm dich vu tren thi tnidng, tren cd c i n quan tam<br />
hay mupn deu di theo xu hildng sd hanh lang phdp luat qudc gia<br />
Tif nhiing dac did'm tren ciia<br />
tham gia ngdy cang nhieu vao va luat le qud'c te.<br />
thifdng mai trong thdi dai ngay<br />
qua trinh hdp tdc kinh te' khu 3. Xu the' lien doanh lien ke't nay va dac biet Id khi Viet Nam<br />
vilc va the' gidi, da phifdng, da thildng mai song phildng, da da la thanh vien ciia td chiifc<br />
chidu, da linh vilc, trong do phildng, binh ddng ngdy cang<br />
WTO, dat ra cho nifdc ta mpt sd<br />
thilPng mai la mpt trong nhiing md rpng va khdng ngiing phat<br />
van de phai dac biet quan tam<br />
ITnh vilc difpc coi Id trpng tam. trien. Dac diem kinh doanh<br />
trong qud trinh phdt trien quan<br />
Dac diem ndi bat vd xu hifdng thildng mai ngdy nay gdm hai<br />
he thildng mai qudc te':<br />
phat trie'n thifdng mai qud'c te' chidu hildng: Mot la, kinh<br />
ngay nay Id: doanh chuydn nganh, theo mdt Mgt Id, phai cd chinh sdch<br />
san pham hay mpt thifdng hieu thifdng mai diing ddn, phii hdp<br />
1. Npi dung hoat dpng<br />
nhdt dinh thanh mpt he thd'ng nhdm khai thac triet de ldi the<br />
thifdng mai rpng ldn mang tinh<br />
tren todn cdu. Hai la, td chile so sanh thdng qua quan he budn<br />
qud'c te', chi phdi hdu he't cac<br />
md hinh nhdng Cty, tap doan ban qudc te de' chiem linh va md<br />
linh viIc ddi sd'ng kinh te' - xa<br />
kinh doanh tdng hdp vdi nhieu rdng thi trifdng khu vi/c va thi<br />
hpi. Do dd, thildng mai ngay<br />
nay khdng chi la nhiing hoat ldai hinh, nhieu hang hda vd tnfdng the gidi cho minh.<br />
dpng mua ban san pham hang dich vu khde nhau de nang cao Lpi the so sanh la nhiing didu<br />
hda vat the ma cdn bao gdm ca lfu the' canh tranh va chie'm linh kien va khd nang thuan lpi<br />
nhiing hanh vi mua ban va dich thi trifdng khu vilc va thi tnidng (hoac khd khan) cua mdt nifdc<br />
vii phi vat the, ta't ca deu nhdm the' gidi. nay so vdi nifdc khac trdng viec<br />
thu ldi nhuan. 4. Til dpng hda, hien dai hda, sdn xuat ciing mdt loai san<br />
2. Hinh thdnh cac loai hinh ap dung cdng nghe thdng tin pham hang hda hay kinh doanh<br />
Cty, tap doan ldn, Cty xuyen vao quan ly, mua bdn qua mang, va dich vu thildng mai trong<br />
qudc gia, da qud'c gia, vdi pham nang cao hieu suat phuc vu sdn nhiing thdi diem nhat dinh,<br />
vi hoat dpng khdng bien gidi va xuat va ddi sdng de thu hiit nhdm dila lai hieu qud cao nhat<br />
hinh thanh cac td chifc, hiep hpi khach hang va chidm linh thi cho mdi qudc gia.<br />
thifdng mai khu vifc vd toan cau. phan. Hoat dpng kinh doanh va Lpi the so sanh thildng mai<br />
Pham vi tac dpng ciia thifdng dich vu mang tinh phd bie'n vd qudc te bao gdm ba leai: lpi the'<br />
mai qud'c te' ngay nay mang y ngay cang phat trie'n ca d thi so sanh til nhien vdn cd, lpi the<br />
nghia vo cung sau rpng, bao gdm tnfdng trong nifdc va thi tnfdng so sanh nay sinh do sil phat<br />
nhieu thanh phdn thildng mai, ngdai nildc. trien ciia life lifpng san xuat vd<br />
nhieu thildng nhan va hpp thanh 5. Do canh tranh tren thi lpi the so sanh phdt sinh do ddi<br />
mang lildi chdng chit cdc loai tnidng ngay cang quyet liet, mdi chii tnidng, chinh sach va<br />
4 I THUONG MQI So 23/2010<br />
NGHIEN CIJU-TRAO DOI<br />
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cd che' quan ly Nhd nilde. Khi luat cho hoat ddng thifdng mai quan ly nhd nifdc ddi vdi<br />
ndi ve lpi the' tuyet dd'i, A-dam cd d thi tnfdng trong nildc vd thi thildng mai trong ndn kinh te<br />
Xmit, nhd kinh te hpc cd dien, tnidng ngodi nildc. Day la van thi tnidng d nildc ta. Nha nildc<br />
cho rang mpt nildc chi nen sdn de he't sufc can thie't de' phdt phai lam td't chufc nang quan ly<br />
xuat nhiing loai hang hda siJ trie'n lanh manh thi tnidng trdng kinh te vi md ndi chung va<br />
dung td't nhat cac loai tai nguyen nildc lam cd sd hau phildng cho qudn ly hdat ddng thildng mai<br />
sdn cd ciia hp de cd lpi nhuan phat trie'n thi tnidng ngoai nildc. qudc te' ndi rieng.<br />
cao nhat. Viec tidn hanh trao Thi tnidng trdng nildc phat trien Trdng ndn kinh te' thi tnidng,<br />
ddi giila cdc qudc gia phdi tao ra viing chac la dieu kien quan Nhd nifdc ddng vai trd la ngiidi<br />
ldi ich cho ca hai bdn, ne'u mdt trpng de md rpng thi trifdng ra dinh hildng chie'n lilpc, quy dinh<br />
qudc gia cd lpi cdn qudc gia khac ngodi nifdc, day manh XK vd chii khung phdp luat, de ra nhiing<br />
bi thiet thi hp se tuf chd'i tham dpng NK ciia nifdc ta, ngifpc lai muc tieu chung cho sxi phat<br />
gia vdo thildng mai qud'c te'. thi tnidng ngdai nildc dilpc phdt trien, cdng bdng, thdng nhat<br />
Khi tham gia trao ddi mua trien se tao dieu kien thiic day dieu hod cdc quydn lpi chung va<br />
ban thildng mai qud'c te', cdc thi tnidng trong nildc phat trien ca nhan.<br />
qudc gia phai bie't lifa chpn sdn manh hdn, phuc vu tdt hdn chd<br />
Nhin chung cac nildc hien<br />
xuat va XK nhiing hang hda cd san xud't va ddi sd'ng.<br />
nay, ke ca cac nildc da phdt<br />
ldi the' Sd sanh td't nhat vd NK Bdn Id, thxic hien td't cac cam trien, cdc nildc cham vd dang<br />
nhiing hang hda ma minh sdn ke't vdi WTO va cac cam ke't phdt trien ddu cdi trpng viec ket<br />
xudt bat lpi nhat. Day ciing la song phildng khac ve thildng hpp giiJa cd che' thi tnidng til dd<br />
mdt bai hpc ma chiing ta da rut m^i. Viec nay chi cd lpi chd ta, va siI dieu tidt ciia Nhd nildc<br />
ra qua hPn 20 nam ddi mdi nen mdt mat chufng td vdi the' gidi trong quan ly kinh te' thi tnidng<br />
kinh te. Mpt sd sdn pham ciia rang Viet Nam la nildc lam an de nham dat dUpc hieu qua kinh<br />
nildc ta dang cd lpi the' tuyet ddi nghiem chinh dung luat, dung te' cad nhat.<br />
tren thi tnidng qud'c te' cdn phai cam ke't; mat khac tranh thii<br />
Day m^nh phat trie'n thildng<br />
day manh XK. dilpc suf ling hd ciia the' gidi va<br />
mai vd dich vu qudc te' la xu<br />
Hai Id, Ilia chpn mat hang va . dac biet la cua td chufc thildng<br />
hildng tat ye'u ciia tat ca cdc<br />
thi tnfdng cd lpi nhat cho minh mai the' gidi WTO, khi chiing ta<br />
nildc trdn the' gidi, nhat la cdc<br />
de phat trie'n va md rdng quan gap phai nhiing khd khan, rao<br />
nifdc da phdt trien; do nang lilc<br />
he thifdng mai qudc te'. can va tranh chap ve thildng<br />
sdn xuat ngdy cang ldn, cho ndn<br />
mai qudc te'.<br />
Trong quan he thildng mai ludn ludn d tinh trang thid'u thi<br />
the gidi, can da phifdng hda, linh Ndm Id, phdt huy td't vai trd tnfdng tieu thu san pham cd lpi<br />
hdat hdd thi tnidng, md rdng quan ly va dieu tiet ciia Nhd nhat. Hoat ddng thifdng mgi<br />
budn ban vdi nhieu nildc. Song nildc ve thildng mai. qudc te' ngay cang md rdng vd<br />
d giai doan tnldc mdt dd'i vdi De phat huy de'n mdc cao canh tranh thi tnidng the gidi<br />
nifdc ta kinh te' chila phat trien nha't ldi the' so sanh thildng ngdy cang gay gat Id ta't yd'u.<br />
cao, cdc dieu kien ve khoa hpc - mai, thi dieu quan trpng Id phdi Trdng tinh hinh dd, de cd ldi the<br />
ky thuat cdn nhieu han che', khd cd nhiing cen ngiidi qudn ly cd trong quan he thildng mai the<br />
nang canh tranh cdn ye'u, cdn tri thdc mdi ve thifdng mai, gidi, chen chan difpc vdd thi<br />
li/a chpn nhiing mat hang cd Cling vdi nhdng cd che', chinh trifdng the gidi va bdo ddm<br />
chat lifpng cao xay diing thanh sdch thifdng mai dung ddn phii khdng that bai thi nildc ta can<br />
thildng hieu qudc te' va nhiing thi hdp dieu kien kinh te' - xa hpi cd nhiJng chinh sach thildng mai<br />
tnidng cd kha nang va ilu the ciia dat nildc trong thdi ky mdi qud'c te' khdn ngoan, linh hoat,<br />
rieng dd'i vdi minh de khai thac va phii hpp xu the' phat trien va mem deo, vufa phii hpp vdi dieu<br />
vd tham gia XNK budn ban hpi nhap kinh te' - thildng mai kien ciia nifdc minh, vifa phii<br />
thifdng mai, dich vu, tren cd sd khu vufc va the' gidi. Dd vay, van hpp thdng le qudc te', vufa ddm<br />
dd tOfng bifdc gianh chd diing de cdt ldi de' thilc hien miic bdo luat phap qud'c gia, vufa dam<br />
tren thi trifdng the gidi. dich tren la phai n h a n thilc bdo luat le ciia "san chdi" thi<br />
Ba Id, hoan thien khung phap dung dan vai trd quan trpng tnfdng qud'c te •<br />
THUONG M«IS5 23/2010 I 5<br />