Bài giảng Đồ họa máy tính: Bài 1 - Lê Tấn Hùng

Khoa CNTT - ĐHBK Hà nội<br /> Email: hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn<br /> Tel: 0913030731<br /> <br /> Tổng quan về kỹ thuật đồ hoạ<br /> <br /> Lesson 1:<br /> Kỹ thuật đồ họa và Hiện thực ảo<br /> Computer Graphics And Virtual Reality<br /> <br /> ‰<br /> <br /> Các khái niệm tổng quan của kỹ thuật đồ hoạ máy<br /> tính<br /> <br /> ‰<br /> <br /> Các kỹ thuật đồ hoạ<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Kỹ Thuật đồ họa cơ sở<br /> <br /> ‰<br /> <br /> Phân loại các lĩnh vực của kỹ thuật đồ hoạ<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Kỹ Thuật đồ họa tiên tiến<br /> Hiện thực ảo - VRML<br /> <br /> ‰<br /> <br /> Hệ đồ họa tương tác (interactive)<br /> <br /> ‰<br /> <br /> Phần cứng đồ hoạ (Graphics Hardware)<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Le Tan Hung<br /> hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn<br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2002<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1926 – J.L. Baird<br /> invents the<br /> television.<br /> <br /> 1885 - CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)<br /> <br /> 1887 - Edison patents motion<br /> picture camera<br /> 1888 - Edison and Dickson<br /> record motion picture photos<br /> on a wax cylinder<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 30 line vertical,<br /> black and red scan.<br /> <br /> 3<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> 4<br /> <br /> 1966<br /> <br /> IBM creates the 360 models<br /> „<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> <br /> 1963<br /> „<br /> <br /> 2<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> One of the First General<br /> Purpose Mainframes<br /> <br /> Ralph Baer creates the 1st comsumer CG product:<br /> <br /> Odyssey Pinball<br /> <br /> SRI develops the mouse.<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 5<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 6<br /> <br /> 1<br /> <br /> Khoa CNTT - ĐHBK Hà nội<br /> Email: hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn<br /> Tel: 0913030731<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1968<br /> <br /> 1967<br /> „<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> GE introduces first full colour real time flight<br /> simulator for NASA<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 7<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> Michael Crichton’s<br /> “Westworld” uses 2D graphics<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> First time computer is used for image<br /> manipulation.<br /> Featured scenes that showed<br /> audiences the world viewed by the<br /> eye circuitry of a synthetic human<br /> (played by a very real Yul Brenner) in<br /> a future Western theme park. This<br /> effect was achieved with 2D<br /> computer graphics tools mostly<br /> derived from image processing<br /> techniques.<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Mandelbrot plots fractals<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Bill Gates starts Microsoft<br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 10<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> <br /> 1977<br /> <br /> Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start<br /> Apple.<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Star Wars wins oscar for<br /> special effects.<br /> <br /> 1978<br /> <br /> Academy of Motion Pictures Art<br /> and Sciences introduces Visual<br /> Effects category for Oscars.<br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> Intel develop the 8080 processor.<br /> <br /> 9<br /> <br /> 1977<br /> „<br /> <br /> 8<br /> <br /> 1975<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1976<br /> „<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1974<br /> <br /> 1973<br /> „<br /> <br /> John Whitney: Permutations<br /> <br /> In "Permutations," (1968) he<br /> delineates a marvellous and exciting<br /> new world. One senses a<br /> choreographer. The movements are<br /> reminiscent of traditional ballet. The<br /> shapes follow the dictates of formal<br /> geometry more than those of abstract<br /> painting. Movement is threedimensional and the ambition for a<br /> more polished three-dimensional<br /> shaded space is apparent.<br /> <br /> •Superman wins oscar for<br /> special effects.<br /> 11<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 12<br /> <br /> 2<br /> <br /> Khoa CNTT - ĐHBK Hà nội<br /> Email: hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn<br /> Tel: 0913030731<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1980<br /> <br /> 1979<br /> „<br /> <br /> Alien wins oscar for visual<br /> effects.<br /> <br /> 1980<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Disney’s TRON is the first<br /> live action film with over<br /> 20 mins of computer<br /> animations.<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Seagate Technology<br /> releases the HDD for PCs<br /> <br /> •The Empire Strikes Back<br /> wins oscar for visual effects.<br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 13<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1982<br /> <br /> 1981 IBM introduces the first IBM PC (16 bit<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> 8088 chip)<br /> • Raiders of the<br /> Lost Ark wins<br /> an oscar for<br /> visual effects.<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 16<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> <br /> 1984 PIXAR Opens<br /> <br /> 1985<br /> <br /> First Coke Polar Bears<br /> Commercial<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> The Genesis Effect (ILM)<br /> for Startrek II is the first<br /> all computer animated<br /> visual effects shot for<br /> film.<br /> <br /> 15<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1983<br /> <br /> 14<br /> <br /> 17<br /> <br /> The Last Starfighter is the<br /> first live action feature film<br /> with realistic computer<br /> animation of highly detailed<br /> models.<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 18<br /> <br /> 3<br /> <br /> Khoa CNTT - ĐHBK Hà nội<br /> Email: hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn<br /> Tel: 0913030731<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1989<br /> „<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1990<br /> <br /> The Abyss is the first<br /> movie to include<br /> convincing 3D character<br /> animation.<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Windows 3.0 ships<br /> <br /> 1993<br /> „<br /> <br /> Myst<br /> <br /> 1994<br /> „<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 19<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1995<br /> „<br /> <br /> Quake Released by<br /> Id Software<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Toy Story becomes<br /> the first fully 3D<br /> computer animation<br /> feature film.<br /> <br /> Independence Day<br /> wins oscar for visual<br /> effects.<br /> <br /> 21<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 22<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1998<br /> <br /> Titanic wins oscar<br /> for visual effects.<br /> <br /> „<br /> „<br /> „<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> 20<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1996<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 1997<br /> „<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> Playstation and N64 released<br /> <br /> PIXAR wins oscar<br /> for best short film:<br /> Geri’s Game.<br /> <br /> Armageddon<br /> Mouse Hunt<br /> Bugs Life<br /> <br /> 1999<br /> „<br /> „<br /> „<br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 23<br /> <br /> The Matrix<br /> Star Wars: The Phantom Menace<br /> Disney’s Tarzan<br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 24<br /> <br /> 4<br /> <br /> Khoa CNTT - ĐHBK Hà nội<br /> Email: hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn<br /> Tel: 0913030731<br /> <br /> A Brief History of Computer<br /> Graphics<br /> 2000<br /> „<br /> „<br /> „<br /> <br /> Kỹ thuật đồ họa vi tính.<br /> <br /> 2002 Microsoft’s XBOX<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Definition (ISO)<br /> <br /> Computer Graphics (Kỹ thuật đồ hoạ máy tính)<br /> „ Computer graphics deals with all aspects of<br /> creating images with a computer<br /> model –<br /> Interactive Computer Graphics:<br /> „<br /> <br /> Sony Playstation II<br /> Walking with Dinosaurs<br /> Disney’s Shrek<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 25<br /> <br /> Kỹ thuật đồ hoạ điểm<br /> (Sample based-Graphics)<br /> „<br /> <br /> Các mô hình, hình ảnh của các đối tượng được hiển thị<br /> thông qua từng pixel (từng mẫu rời rạc)<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Đặc điểm:<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> Phương pháp để tạo ra các pixel<br /> <br /> 26<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> Pascal / C<br /> program<br /> <br /> Bitmap<br /> <br /> SRGP<br /> library<br /> positions<br /> <br /> lines,areas,...<br /> <br /> X Window<br /> System<br /> <br /> graphics algorithms<br /> colour<br /> <br /> Graphics hardware<br /> <br /> Image<br /> image formats, compression, transfer<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 27<br /> <br /> Kỹ thuật đồ hoạ vector<br /> Graphical<br /> Model<br /> <br /> Rendering<br /> Parameters<br /> <br /> „<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> Ví dụ về hình ảnh đồ hoạ Vector<br /> <br /> Vector = geometrical<br /> model + rendering<br /> <br /> Rendering<br /> <br /> Output<br /> Device<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 29<br /> <br /> (c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003<br /> <br /> 30<br /> <br /> 5<br /> <br />