intTypePromotion=1
zunia.vn Tuyển sinh 2024 dành cho Gen-Z zunia.vn zunia.vn
ADSENSE
 » 
 » 

Báo cáo khoa học: Sự tiếp biến thể loại văn học Phật giáo trong tác phẩm Thiên Phái trúc lâm

Chia sẻ: Nguyen Lan | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:20

Thêm vào BST
Báo xấu
76
lượt xem 9
download
 
  Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Phật học không thuộc về riêng ai hết. Văn học Phật giáo là sự sáng tác của từng cá nhân góp lại, xuất phát từ nguồn cảm xúc của các hiện tượng đời sống, được miêu tả, phản ảnh trực tiếp, bằng nhận thức, lý giải và thái độ sống động qua những lời Đức Phật đã dạy.

Chủ đề:

Bình luận(0) Đăng nhập để gửi bình luận!

Lưu

Nội dung Text: Báo cáo khoa học: Sự tiếp biến thể loại văn học Phật giáo trong tác phẩm Thiên Phái trúc lâm

  1. sir TIEP BIEN THE LOAI VAN HOC P H A T GIAO • • • • TRONG TAC PHAM THIEN PHAI TRUC LAM THICH PHl/aC DAT(•) T u khi dao Phat ra dai a xu An Dp, hem 25 the ky ton tai va phat trien, Phat giao da de lai cho nhan loai nhieu Nam, trong do cd sir dinh hudng va phat trien cho Phat giao Viet Nam bay gid trong qua trinh hgi nhap Phat giao the di san van hoa vat chat cflng nhu van gidi vai su ra ddi Thien phai True hda tam linh ma cho tai nay du con Lam*^'. Su kien nay da gdp phan xay nguai no luc toi da van khong khai thae dung va phat trien nen van hoa, van hgc het y nghia an tang cua chung. Trong nuac nha. Ro net nhat la dong van hgc do, kho tang van hpc Phat giao dugc ket Phat giao Ly - Tran vai su phat trien ve tap tu Tam tang kinh dien da co dong ngi dung lan hinh thuc, tu su phat trien gop to lan trong qua trinh truyen ba cac de tai, chu de phan anh, den phuang Chanh phap va da tac dpng manh me phap sang tac qua viec dinh hinh cac the tren nhieu linh vue kbac nhau tai cac loai mai, va ngay ca thu phap nghe thuat nudc trong khu vue Nam A, Ddng A ngdn ngii. Bai viet nay chi tap trung de (Ddng Bic A, Ddng Nam A). cap den van de "Sir tiep bien the loai van Rieng tai nudc ta, ngay tu' budi dau hgc Phat giao trong tac pham Thien phai dao Phat du nhap, khoang cuoi the ky 1, Tnic Lam" nham thay dugc gia tri ve mat Phat giao Viet Nam da hinh thanh trung hgc thuat va van chuang Thien phai trong tam dich thuat kinh dien cd ten gpi la ddng chay van hgc cua nuac nha. Trung tam Phat giao Luy Lau. Va den 1. Cc SO" hinh thanh va phat trien thai Ly, vao nhung nam 1009, 1020, Tam tang kinh dien Phat giao 1034, 1259, duai su bao trg cua trieu He thong Tam tang kinh dien Phat dinh, cac phai doan do cac cao tang dan giao ma ngay nay chung ta thay kha dd dau da sang Trung Hoa thinh Dgi tang so, thuc chat dugc hinh thanh bat dhx kinh, tuy nhien mai den 1295 thi vua gdm nhieu Phdp thoai (Sutta) do Phat Tran mdi sac lenh cho kbac in va dich thuat pho bien rgng rai"'. Muc dich la **' TS. Hoc vien Phat giao Viet Nam tai TP. dap ung nhu cau tat yeu cua lich sir Viet Ho Chi Minh. 3
  2. TAP CHi HAN NOM s6 6 (103) - 2010 THiCH PHW&C DAT thuyet giang nai nay, nai kia cho nliidu Upali (Uu Ba Ly), cd trach nhiem tuyen ddi tugng khae nhau. Didm dang ndi dge Phcip (Dhamma) va Lugt (Vinaya). mdi Phdp thoai deu dugc ndi bang cau Sau dd, CO su kien cac ty kheo Vajjili "if ^ ^ Fifl Nhu thi nga vdn Tdi nghe ch§p tri muai van de vugt qua giai luat nhu vdy", ngu y cho sir ghi nha ngi Sa mdn (Dasavatthuni - Thap dieu) da dung bai phap bai mgt hay nhieu ty din den hgi nghi ket tap lan hai dugc td kheo true tiep lang nghe bac dao su va chuc a Vesali (Ty Xa Ly), khoang 100 chinh hg ndi lai bai phap ay trong nhung nam sau ngay Phat nhap diet, duai trieu liic thuyet giang hoac trong truang hgp vua Kalasoka, hau due cua vua giao phap cua bac dao su dugc tung dge Ajatasattu (A Xa The). Lan nay quy tu nliieu lan tai cac ky ket tap. Su phong gan 700 ty kheo, duai su chu tri cua ty phu ve cac de tai thuyet phap keo theo sir kheo Sabbakami, tap trung dge Phcip da dang cac the loai thich ung cho tung (Dhamma). Nhung theo Buddhaghosa doi tugng nghe phap qua nliieu Phcip (Phat Am), hgi nghi tap trung dge ca thoai dugc bao luu trong Tam tang kinh Phc'tp (Dhamma), Luiit (Vinaya) va buac dien hien nay, chung td da cd su no luc dau bien tap ve Pitcika (Tang). Nikctya {Tieu ldn cua cac ty kheo qua nhieu the he bd), Anga (Ung gid) va Dhammakkhcindha trong viec sun tap, sap xep nhiing lai day (Phcip tang). Chua dung tai do, su kien cua The Ton vao ky uc va dac biet qua cac tu sT ngoai dao gia nhap Tang gia va cac hgi nghi ket tap. hanh tri sai lac giao phap Nhu Lai dan Can cu vao cac tai lieu Cullavagga den cudc hgi nghi ket tap lan thu ba (Tieu phcim), Dlpavamsa (Ddo sie), dugc td chuc tai Pataliputta, dudi su bao Mahdvamsa (Dgi sir) vd Samanta trg dai dd Asoka (A Due), khoang the pdsddikd (Thien kien hied Ty Bd Sa) thi ky thii ba truac Tay lich. Hgi nghi quy mky thang sau ngay Phat nhap diet, cac tu g4n 1000 ty kheo, dudi su chu tri cua de tu uy tin lien nhdm hgp tai Rajagaya ty kheo Tissa Moggaliputta (De Sa Muc (Vuang Xa) dd tung dge lai ldi day cua Lien Tu), tap trung thao luan ve Tam Phat ma phSn ldn hg da ghi nhd nam tang (Tipitctka). Thai gian hdi nghi ket long. Nguyen nhan dan den hgi nghi ket tap keo dai trong 9 thang. Trong thai tap kinh didn lan thu nhat la do cd su gian nay Tissa Moggaliputta (De Sa hidu bidt va hanh tri sai giai luat Phat Muc Lien Tu) cho ra ddi tap Kathdvatthu che cua mgt sd ty kheo, cung vdi lai (Bien thuyet, dugc xem la Lugn tang) tuyen bd thidu chin chan cua Subhadda danh bat mgi quan diem sai lam ve Phat khiln Maha Kassapa (Dai Ca Diep) giao. Nhu vay, it nhat c6 ba cuoc hgi quydt dinh trieu tap hgi nghi, dudi su nghi dugc ket tap kinh dien dugc td bao trg cua vua Ajatasattu (A Xa The). chuc tai An Do trudc khi giao ly cua Hgi chiing quy tu 500 ty kheo va da suy due Phat dugc truyen sang Tfch Lan, cu Maha Kassapa (Dai Ca Diep) lam dan den su ket tap kinh dien lan thii tu chu tri hgi nghi, ben canh hai vi than dudi sir bao trg cua vua Abahaya can khae nua la Anada (A Nan Da) va Vattagamani vao cudi the ky thii nhat
  3. s u TIEP BIEN THE LOAI VAN HOC PHAT GIAO TRONG ... sau Tay lich, trong dd Tam tang kinh tich van ban. Ngudi ta se khdng the hieu dien (Tipitaka), bao gdm Kinh tang ngi dung mgt each ro rang neu nhu (Suttapitaka), Ludt tang (Viyanapitaka), khdng xac dinh dugc hinh thiic ca ban Lugn tang (Abhidhammapitaka) lan dau Clia nd nhu xuat xu thai gian, dia diem, tien dugc viet thanh van ban. Tuy nhien, the loai, dac trung ngdn ngu? Theo each quan diem Phat giao Bac truyen cho phan loai cua tu dien hien hanh do Hda rang lan ket tap thu tu nay dugc to chuc thugng Kim Cuong Tu chu bien' '; hay khoang nam 100 sau Cong nguyen dudi Doan Trung Cdn bien soan''*', van hgc trieu vua Kaniska (Ca Ni Sac Ka). Co Phat giao dugc chia thanh 12 the loai, the ndi, trai qua 4 ky ket tap kinh dien, bao gdm Khe kinh; Triing tyng; Tho ky; tinh hinh van ban kinh dien Phat giao Phimg tung; Tu thuyet: Nhdn duyen: dugc y cu tir he thdng Tam tang kinh Thi du; Bon su; Bon sinh: Phuong dien da dugc dinh hinh va phat trien it guang; Vi tdng hint; Lugn thuyet. C6 nhat trong khoang thai gian 3 the ky dau mgt each phan loai kbac nua, dugc ghi d An Do, tu thdi Phat tai the den thdi lai trong Kinh Xa Du thugc Kinh Trung Asoka (A Due), sau do lan toa phat trien Bd''^\ bao gdm 9 the loai Kinh, Ung tung, Gid thuyet, Ke tung, Cdm hirng tai Tich Lan va cac nuac trong khu vue ngii; Nhu thi ngii; Bon sinh, Vi tdng hint vai nhiing dac trung rieng biet cua cac phcip, Phuang qudng. thanh td van hgc Phat giao nhu ngdn ngu, thii phap nghe tliuat, dac biet la the loai. Ca hai sir phan loai ndi tren nham 2. He thong the loai van hpc Phat giao lam ndi bat phuang thuc truyen dat giao nghla kinh dien Phat giao. Tren het, sir Phat giao vdn dugc xem la mgt tdn phan loai nay nham giup cho ngirdi tiep giao cd he thdng Tam tang kinh dien vi can hieu ro gia tri thdng diep va gia tri dai nhat so vdi tat ca cac tdn giao tren hudng den giai thoat ma tac pham dem the gidi. Day chfnh la ca sd dugc xac lai. Sir phan chia the loai chi mang tfnh lap nen van hgc Phat giao phong phii tu each tuang ddi, nghia la su phan loai ndi dung cho den hinh thuc the hien. deu chi dira vao mgt sd net dac trung Dieu dd cd nghia, bat cii ai mudn tiep theo cac tieu chi "nlian duyen thuyet can cac loai hinh ngdn ngu uyen ao nhat phap", "each trinli bay khi thuyet phap", cua kho tang van hgc Phat giao, can "each ghi nlian cua thdi thuyet phap" va phai tim hieu the loai van hgc dugc giai "ngi dung thuyet phap" da dugc diic Phat trinh qua tac pham kinh dien. Yen td the xac lap nhu trong Kinh Xa du nhu sau: loai se giai ma cac thdng diep ma cac ban kinh de cap, nhat la viec xac dinh Kinh la nhiing dieu due Phat ndi tdm vdc tu tu'ong triet ly, pham vi cua lich cho hang de tu tu tap hirdng den giac su Clia mgt tac pham van hgc Phat giao. ngg giai thoat; U'ng tung la sir truydn tung, ghi lai ldi due Phat day theo thd Mat kbac, su phan dinh the loai se tan van; Ke tung la su truyen tung, ghi la nhQng dieu kien tat yeu khdng thd lai ldi due Phat theo thd tha ke. Nhu thi thilu ddi vai vice nghien ciiu va phan ngu la su ghi chep lai nhung deu dugc
  4. TAP CHI HAN NOIM SO 6 (103) - 2010 THiCH PHW&C DAT nghe tu due Phat ndi true tidp hoac gian Clia cac nha truac tac, cung nhu do mdi tiep; Bdn sinh la su ghi chep lai chuyen lien he tu than giiia cac the loai thuang tien than cua diic Phat theo ldi due Phat tao ra nhung quan he dan cheo phiic tap da ke. Vi tdng hitu la su ghi chep lai va cd su chuyen hoa qua lai, dan den su nhung su viec hy huu (hidm cd) trong hinh thanh cac the loai cd kha nang tdng ddi, nhu chuyen cac diic Phat qua khu hgp. Moi khi cd su chuyen hda ve the v.v...do Phat ke lai; Cdm hirng ngd cdn loai thi bao gia cung c6 sir bien ddi sau ggi kinh Phat tu thuydt chi cho sir ghi sac ve hinh thuc nghe thuat, cung nhu chep lai nhung deu due Phat noi ra vai phuang thirc phan anh tac pham. nhiing trudng hgp dac biet; Phuang Nhin lai he thdng the loai van hpc qudng la sir ghi nhan nhiing cudc thao Phat giao Ly - Tran, tu dai Ly sang dai luan cua cac vi Thanh de tu dugc due Tran da cd su chuyen bien ro ret. Neu Phat xac nhan la phu hgp vdi Phat y; van hgc Phat giao dai Ly, he thdng the Gidi thuyet la su ghi chep lai nhiing loai hinli thanh chua day du, chi cd nipt dieu luan giai ve chinh phap cua diic sd the loai chu yeu nhu: ke tha Thien. Phat va cac bac A - la - ban. tha ta canh, tu khue, bi ky, minh, ngir Ve sau, cac nha trudc tac van hgc luc thi sang dai Tran nen van hgc Phat Phat giao dugc van dung cac the tai giao cdn xuat hien them phu, ca, tung, khae nhau trong he thdng the loai ndi niem tung ke, luan thuyet tdn giao, cac tren de xay dung cac tac pham kinh dien the truyen, tha tru tinh... Cac the loai ay ndi tieng. Rieng d nudc ta, den thai Ly - chiu su qui dinh tinh chat van hgc trung Tran, thi van hgc Phat giao dugc phat dai, trong dd sir phan dinh cu the va sap trien rue ra. Loai hinh the loai (type) xep theo quy luat Van - Su - Triet bat cua van hgc Phat giao Ly - Tran theo phan ma chiing ta da biet. cac nha nghien ciiu van hgc nhan dinh Van hoc Thien phai Tnic Lam la "Thai nay da cd day dii cac loai van bao gdm nhung tac pham van hgc kinh van, tan van, bien van vdi cac the tai dien Phat giao do cac thien gia, thien sir tieu bieu cua van hgc trung dai. Hau het, trudc tac, nd xuat hien tu dau ddi Tran, cac the loai nay deu mang tinh chiic han nhien chju sir tac dgng bien chuyen nang ro net. Tfnh chiic nang la san pham trong qua trinh phat trien he thdng the tat yeu cua van hgc trung dai. Ngoai loai van hgc Phat giao thai Ly - Tran. chuc nang hanh chinh khdng de cap a Khao sat cac the loai van hgc Phat giao day, thi chiic nang le nghi tdn giao bao ma cac nha van - tha Thidn phai Triic trum cac the tai: kinh, ke tha Thien, ngii Lam van dung vao tac ph4m se giiip luc, tung cd, niem tung ke, bi, minh, ky, chiing ta hieu sau tac pham ban a dilm luan thuyet tdn giao, truyen truyen dang, nhin nghe thuat tac pham. truyen cac Thanh"*'''. Tuy nhien, trong tien trinh phat trien van hgc Phat giao 3. Su- van dung cac the loai van Viet Nam, do xu hudng phat trien cua hpc Phat giao trong tac phiim cua ngdn ngii, do su linh dgng uyen chuyen Thien phai
  5. s u TIEP BIEN THE LOAI VAN HOC PHAT GIAO TRONG Nhin tu goe do thi loai dl danh gia Dai Ly, the loai luan thuyet tdn giao thi cac tac phSm van hgc Thiin phai da chua dugc cac thien su sir dung nhieu. thanh tuu lan ve sir phat triln phong phii Hien chi con mgt vai doan nhu Ciiu Chi cac the loai cua dong van hgc Phat giao, viet ve Tdm phdp'-'^^; va may doan luan ma dinh cao la van hgc Phat giao Ly - thuyet cua Van Hanh khuyen Ly Cdng Tran. Day la sir phat trien cua cac thi Uan nen len ngdi vua tri vi thien ha''''^ loai van hgc Phat giao cd gia tri vl mat Nguyen Thudng khuyen vua Ly Cao hgc thuat lin nghe thuat van chuang Tdng khdng nen dam say diic lac ma trong ddng chay van hgc. phai de tam vao viec nudc, viec dan*'''. 3.1. Luan thuyet tdn giao Hai doan nay dugc xem la luan thuylt chinh tri chii khdng phai la luan thuylt Cac nha nghien ciin trudc day chia tdn giao. the loai luan thuylt thanh hai loai: Luan thuyet chinh tri va luan thuylt tdn giao. Den ddi Tran, ngudi tien phong 0 luan thuyet chfnh tri, chung ta thudng dung the loai luan thuylt tdn giao la gap trong cac bd su khi cac sir gia ghi Tran Thai Tdng vdi Khoa hir luc va lai nhiing lai ban, ldi binh vl viec tri Thien tong chi nam (tac pham nay da nuac; con thi loai luan thuylt tdn giao mat, chi cdn bai tua). K I din la TrAn la nhung ldi binh luan vl trilt ly tdn Nhan Tdng vai Tdng gid todi sy (da giao ndi chung*^'. Rieng thi loai luan mat), sau do la Phap Loa vdi Dogn sdch thuyet tdn giao (Phat giao) hk ngudn tu luc va Tham Thien chi yiu (da mSt), chi the loai giai thuylt dugc diic Phat Thich cdn vai doan... Dieu can km y la nhung Ca xac lap trong cac ban Kinh A Hdm tac pham ndi tren khdng chi la thanh tuu hay Nikaya, nham luan giai nhiing nghia ve the loai ma cdn thi hien tu tudng ly sau xa ciia giao ly Phat da. Khi Phat Phat - Thien, thdng qua phuang thuc giao mdi truyen vao nudc ta, thi thi loai bieu dat giau hinh tugng nghe thuat. nay da dugc su dung vdi tac phdm Ly Khoa hu luc la mgt luan thuylt tdn giao hodc lugn cua Mau Tir vilt khoang nam dugc viet ket hgp ba ldi van: tan van. 195 - 198; Dgo Cao phdp su tap cua bien van, van van ma hinh thuc tan van Dao Cao viet khoang tu nam 450 - 460. va bien van la chinh. Trong tac phSm Ly hoac ludn la tac pham luan thuylt luan thuyet nay thi tiiu loai phd thuylt ban ve nhiing ly le sai l4m cua gidi Nho dugc Tran Thai Tdng sir dung nhilu ban - Lao ddi vai Phat giao, gdm 37 dilu'^'. ca. Phd thuylt chi la mgt tiiu thi loai cua the loai luan thuylt tdn giao, muc Cdn Dgo Cao phcip su tiip cd thi la tap dich van dung tiiu thi loai nay la dl luan thuyet ly giai nhiing trilt ly nha thuylt phap, tiic ban vl cac ndi dung Phat. Ca hai tac pham nay da co mdt su Thiin - Phat, nd ra ddi tu thdi Dai Tue ddng gop nhat dinh trong viec kl thua, Tdng Cao (1089 - 1163) d Trung Hoa. tiep thu va van dung thi loai luan thuylt Neu truac day, viec truyin giang Phat tdn giao vao trong tac pham van hgc cua phap chu yeu thuang chi dien ra giua Thien phai Triic Lam. thiy va trd theo tinh th§n "dT tam truyin
  6. TAP CHI HAN NOM SO 6 (103) - 2010 THiCH PHWaC DAT tam" thi den den thai Dai Tue Tong gid thugng tod thinh su thi chiing, Cao, bang hinh thiic pho thuyet, tu Thugng thita tam hgc khuyen chiing phd tuang - triet ly Phat - Thien da dugc thuyit, Yiu minh hoc thuat. Nhu vay la truyen giang rdng rai trong tang chiing trong tac phAm ciia Thien phai Tnic va trong tin do Phat giao. Lam CO din 8 van ban ciia 2 tac gia viet d Viet Nam, vao dai Tran, Thien theo tiiu the loai phd thuyet. dugc chgn la tong phap co the dap iing Bdn bai Phd thuyet ma Tran Thai mdt nhu cau dai sdng tam linh ciia con Tong viet ra vdi miic dich la nham den ngirdi, cho nen dung tieu loai pho thuyet quang dai quan chung, huong mgi ngudi la each tdt nhat de co the thuyet phap hieu ro cac van de cdt loi ciia Thien de rgng rai, phd cap cho cac ddi tugng cd thai do sdng phu hgp tam nguyen khae nhau de quan chung hieu ro ao giai thoat. Cu the la Tran Thai Tdng nghia giao ly Thien. mudn giai quyet cac van de ldn xoay Trong cac sach Phat hgc thai nay, xung quanh con ngudi, tiic sac than va ngoai ke va tha, cac bai viet ban ve giao sinh lao benh tu thdng qua bieu tugng ly Thien da dugc viet bang ldi van bien bdn mii tuang ung vai bdn mua nham ngau bdng bay, mang ve dep cd kinh khai ggi nguai hgc dao phat Idng Bd trang trgng. Cau triic bai thuyet phap De, hudng den giai thoat Niet ban. dugc cac tac gia Thien phai viet thudng Ddi vdi van de sac than, Tran Thai chia lam hai phan, phan tren la hinh Tong chi ra su trdi budc ciia cai sac than thirc phd thuyet dugc viet theo ldi bien gia huyen. Chinh su he liiy truoc cac van, ngdn ngii giau hinh tugng sdng tran ma con ngudi nhu con thieu than ddng, cd sue cudn hiit ngudi dge, vdi lao vao vdng xoay cudc ddi va trdi lan gigng van vira thiet tha mai ggi, vua trong ddng sinh tu. Tung cau van, con thdi thiic con ngudi tinh thiic; phan dudi chii gigng dieu cat len nhu la tieng ndi la mdt bai ke dugc viet theo the tha Dudng luat that ngdn bat cu hoac tu con tim thdn thiic de tir than y thuc vugt tuyet, nham tdm tat ndi dung tu tuong thoat sinh gia benh chet cua mdt kiep da giang giai d phan tren, giup ngudi ngudi: "Chu nhan dang! Dai tu ca quan hgc dao de dang tiep nhan chan ly. Cd khdi ldi, toan bang ti tuyen khien triru; the ndi, tieu the loai nay la su ket hgp long lai long khu dii sinh ddng, phdng giii'a hai the tai van hgc Phat giao truyen hau thu thai chan tu dang. Tu khdi van thong CO tu thofi diic Phat: Ung tung, ban ke hieu, dd duyen luc tac giao cdng; Truyen tung theo ldi tan van va Ke tung bat u lao benh tii lai, quan tham tiiu sSc theo the tha. Tran Thai Tdng da viet cac tai khii?"*'^' (Cac ngudi, nao khae gi bai Phd thuyet Td san, Phd thuyet Sdc con rdi; deu nha ta sgi keo ldi. Dua qua thdn, Phd khuyen phdt Bd De tc'im vdn, gian lai, gidng sdng ma thoi; budng tha, Phd thuyet Hudng thugng nhdt lg. Ke thu hdi, thirc la xac chit. BSt chudc den la Phap Loa c6 cac bai Khuyen xudt nhau lay mudn nghin muu chuac; diu gia tien dgo ngdn. Trite Ldm dgi Tdn duyen do sau giac tranh gianh. Khong lo 8
  7. s u TIEP BIEN THE LOAI VAN HOC PHAT GIAO TRONG gia benh chi din gAn; tham tiec rugu, tuang nha Phat bang hinh thiic ngan sac, taidi mSt..."^'. ggn, cd dgng, chuyen tai nhung ndi dung sue tich, nhiing tu tudng uyen ao Tuong tu bdn bai Phd thuyet ciia Clia Thiin hgc, Phat hgc. Ve ngudn gdc Phap Loa: Khuyin xudt gia tien dgo ke la nhiing bai van van (tha thudng la ngdn. True Ldm dgi Tdn gid thugng tod bdn cau, co khi tam cau vdi nhiem vu thinh su thi chung, Thugng thica tam thau tom mgt each cd dgng ldi kinh hgc khuyen chung phd thuyet, Yeu minh bang van xudi da giang thuyet a phan hgc thudt, bang trai tim Thien dinh, khdi trudc. Chinh tu ghep "kinh ke" da ndi dc tue giac, su dung biit phap vira chinh len mdi quan he gan bd dd. Loai thii hai luan, ta thuc het siic song ddng, van cu la ke dugc thi vj hda. Co the xem day la giau hinh anh so sanh, Tdn gia mdi ggi tha triet ly boi le ve hinh thiic, cac tac gia mgi ngudi hay tinh thiic, sdng theo dao da su dung ngii ngdn hoac that ngdn, vdi ly Thien tdng ma an tni trong the giai an ngon ngii' lung linh, day hinh anli dep va lanh, hanh phiic that sir "Chu tieu tu! ggi cam, giau chat tha nhimg dang sau cai Ky nhap tiing lam, trudc nhat tu dia. Dd vd hinh thiic ngdn ngii ay an tang triet ly hoa nhi di cau danh du bat phuc tham nhiem mau cua nha Phat. Loai thu ba la thii de xii. Na ca thi chu Phat, Td, su ha tha mang cam hung Thien hgc. Day la thii xii; na ca thi nhi thua, ngoai dao nliung bai tha cam xiic tru tinh nhimg npi dung tam xu. Dd tu nhat lai nguyet dung cd de cap den tam, Phat, sinh, tir, vang, dich dich tha cau; nhat dan bat Niet ban, chan nhu, sac khdng; Loai thir buy, tuang nai chi ha!"*'"*' (Nay, cac tu la tha tuc canh sinh tinli, bdc Id cam mdn del Da vao riing sau, nen cam lay xiic tam trang ciia thien su ddi vdi cai mdt mieng dat. Ludng chi cham vao hoa lung linh, my le cua ngoai canh thdng qua la de cau tieng tam, khdng quay lai can cam quan Thien hgc" . nhac, lira chgn nai cac vi Phat, Td, su da true chi nai nao la nai dam nhi thua va Cac y kien noi tren, chi la sir phan ngoai dao dung tam; ludng tu de cho loai mang tinh chat tuang ddi. Chung ta ngay thang qua lai, loay hoay tim kiem cung khd ma phan chia rach rdi, chinh nhirng dau, mdt mai nam xudng thi biet xac chuyen biet ve cac dang tha Thien. lam thi nao?)*'''. Su phan loai ay nham de so sanh vai cac 3.2. Ke va tha Thien the loai kbac trong van hgc Phat giao. Hien c6 nhieu y kien kbac nhau khi Tuy vay, the loai ke va tha Thien dugc de cap den ten ggi the loai nay. Sach cac tac gia sir diing nhieu trong van hgc Vdn hgc Phat gido thdi Ly - Trdn: Dien Phat giao Ly - Tran. Khda hu luc la tac mgo vd ddc diem da tdng ket cac y kien pham cua Tran Thai Tdng da su diing cua cac nha nghien ciiu ve the loai nay, the loai ke va tha kha ro net. Thuang si tu dd giai thuyet ke va tha Thiin gdm ngir luc ciia Tran Tung. Thien uyen tap cac loai nhu sau: "Loai thu nhat la ke anh Clia nhieu tac gia cung deu c6 su ket (ke tan, ke tung, ke ngg gia). Nhung bai hgp cac the loai nay. Nhirng tac pham ke nay trirc tiep trinh bay giao ly, tu vua neu tren da sii dung ba ldi van: tan
  8. TAP CHi HAN NOM SO 6 (103) - 2010 THiCH PHU-aC DAT van, bien van va van van, trong dd thi ran day de tir truac khi tich diet hay ke va tha Thien (thugc van van) la thi sach tin dd chiing tu hanh. O do, the loai dugc sii dung nhieu nhit. giai ngi tam ciia cac thien su dugc giai Cac bai ke va tha Thien xuat hien bay qua cac bai thi ke ngap tran cam kha nhieu trong Khda hu luc, khdng ke xiic, thi hiing. Dge bai Ddn thi cdnh phan Ke trong Niem tung ke, da co 21 sdch ke Hiin huong ke, Hien hoa ke... bai ke. Cudi mdi bai Phd thuyet deu cd cua Trin Thai Tdng, moi bai cd mgt net bai ke tha nham diic ket ngi dung cdt loi dep Clia thi gidi tham my rieng biet, ddi Clia Thien viia dugc giang bang mdt the khi tach ra khoi vudn Thien thi cd the tha Dudng luat, ma the tha nay vdn rat boa nhap vao vudn tha chung cua dan nghiem ngat ve niem, luat, van, ddi, tdc. Chang ban, khi dge Thic thdi vd nhip; vai ngon ngii' khiic triet, y tai ngdn thudng ke se thay rd: "Miet nhan d luan ngoai, ggi nhieu ban ta, nha the mdi dap tai xuat chan, Hdi dau hy ngu hun ling het dieu ly nhiem mau cua giao dien duong ly. Than tham hu mgc tam vuu Tliien tdng ma ngudi viet muon truyen thiic, Na tinh cao hoe anh di di. Thuc dat. Vi vay, nhiing bai ke tha nay co mdt thot hoa am triing phuc dao, Tuan tuan ngdn ngii dien dat rieng, ngudi dpc phai khuan menh thinh hoan suy. Chu nhan CO chia khoa de giai ma thi mdi thau dat. hap tao hdi quang chieu, Tu kho khu tri Cac bai ke khae cua cac bai van nhu luge lg ky"* '. (Chop mat viing d vii'a Gidi sdt sinh vdn, Gidi thdu dgo vdn, mai mgc, Quay dau bdng nhat da trdn Gidi sdc vdn, Gidi vgng ngir vdn, Gidi xoe. Chi ham giac ngii say me mai, Nao tic vdn...nhat la cac bai ke cua cac bai biet quang am tham thoat di. Phut chdc van thugc Luc thdi sdm hdi khoa nghi da hoa tuoi rdi lai heo, Quanh co menh nam dua tac gia trd thanh nha tha sam hdi. thinli lien suy. Ai ai xin hay quay dau lai, Mdt gigng tha la ddc dao giira ddng tha Rong aidi dudng me mai the chi! )* . Thien, vdn rat thien ve su kliai phdng hoa Tha hay ke khd ma phan biet. Bang quang ddng tran, tuy duyen tiiy tuc. su trirc cam tam linli, tac gia da hoa nhap Ngoai cac bai ke d Ddi ca va Tung giua trdi dat bao la c6 gidng td bao bung, cd trong Tue Trung Thugng sT ngic luc, may den phii kin, gio xd sdng vd lap lap Thugng sT ciing cd den 5 bai mang hinh cudn ghenli, phut choc trdi xanh, trang thuc ke Kien gidi, Thi hgc, Thi chiing, sang, sdng lang. TTnli hay ddng, ai biit? Thi do, Khuyen the tien dgo trong so 49 Duy chi ngir ong an nliien tir tai giira bai tha ma Tha vdn Ly - Trdn ghi nhan. ddng dai. R6 rang, dang sau lap vo ngdn So vdi cac bai Nguyen hda cua Khuong tir giau hinh anli, het sue ggi cam, dugc Viet; Tdm khdng ciia Vien Chieu, Thi sang tac bang the tha ngu ngdn, thit ngdn, dgo cua Trudng Nguyen; Hieu tu tdt hiru lai an chua triet ly Phat giao, tit ca da sinh ciia Tri Bat... dugc sang tac a ddi kliiln nguai dge dl dang tilp nlian dl Ly thi nhiing bai ke cua cac nha trudc thirc nghiem tam liiili. Hay Idii dge Su de tac Thiin phai vao ddi Tran deu cd mdt van ddp Clia Tran Nhan Tong, ta bit gap ngi dung va hinh thuc dien dat ve viec hinh anh de tu hoi "Nhu ha thi hien tai 10
  9. s u TIEP BIEN THE LOAI VAN HOC PHAT GIAO TRONG ... Phat gia phong?" (Thi nao la gia phong "truyen dang tuc diem", cac thien sir ctia cua Phat hien tai) dugc Tnic Lam tra lai: Thien phai cung trinh bay sa dac chirng 'Bach thuy gia phong me hilu yin, Hdng ngd qua su minh giai cac van de thugc dao tien uyIn tuy xuan phong."*'^' (Nudc ban the giai thoat ndi tren. Tue Tmng trang menh mong chim en bac, Vuon tien tm-ac tac mgt loat bai: 77?// ne nguii, dao thim gid xuan say*^**'. Phong Tdng Dien dgi su, Vdn Phiic Dicdg Nhu vay, cac bai ke cua cac nha dgi .su; Ngdu tdc...; Tran Thanh Tdng trudc tac Thiin phai dugc thi vi hoa ban sang tac cac bai nhu Doc Dgi Tue ngu tuc nira. Day la su kl thira trong su biln hint cdm, Tu thudt, Ddc Phcit Dgi minh chuyen doi thi loai tu ke sang tha, tir luc him cdm; Tran Nhan Tdng c6 cac bai ddi Ly sang dai Trin kha ro net. Nlu nhu San phdng mgn hirng, Dgi Lam Thdn cac tac pham van hgc Phat giao ddi Ly Quang tu. Him cu vd cu...; Phap Loa vai cd nhiing cau ke, bai ke dugc thi vi hoa bai Thi tich; Huyen Quang cd cac bai nhu trong Tham dd hien quyit ciia Vien Yen Tic son am cu Thgch Thdt, Di Dgng Chieu; Nhdt nhdt hdi chiing cua Tinh Hien ddn viet gid son... Moi bai cua mdi Khdng; Cdo tat thi chung ctia Man tac gia cd mdt each dien dat rieng biet khi Giac... thi sang ddi Trin, cac tac phim thi trirc tiep, luc thi gian tilp trinh bay Thien phai co nhiing cau tha, bai tha cam hung Thien hgc ve sa die, sa chung diing nghia tha trong Ngic luc vdn ddp, nhung deu xuat phat tir dilm nhin ciia sy Niem tung ke, Luc thdi sdm hdi khoa chiing ngd thuc tai duyen sinh vd nga, vd nghi cua Trin Thai Tdng; Chdn tdm chi thirdng. dung, Sinh tu... cua Trin Thanh Tdng; Chang han, bai Di Cd Chdu huong Vgn su quy nhu, Thi thdi hu huyin, thdn tu; Tran Nhan Tdng nhin nhan "sd Nhgp trdn, Sinh tic nhdn nhi di, Ddi ca ddi" that md mit trudc sir sinli lao benli tir Tung cd...cua Tue Tmng; De cd Chdu klii ve tham cdng chua Thien Thuy nga Huong thdn tu, Dgi Ldm Thdn Quang benh nang. The nliung, mdt ngudi tinli tu...cua Tran Nhan Tdng; Nhgp tuc hiyin thuc thi c6 cai nhin thiu dat van phap la thanh son cua Phap Loa; Tdng sidd tic de, duyen sinh dl chuyin hda tam thuc, nliini Dien Hint tu...cua Huyin Quang. budc ra khoi vdng he luy "ai luyin". Day Ben canh d6, cdn c6 nhilu bai tha ciing chinli la cai nhin cua ddi mit tue mang cam hiing Thiin hgc chilm mdt s6 giac ma tac gia dien giai bing hinh anh lugng Idia lon trong tha ke cua Thiin phai "Thai tinh luong hai ngan". (Tinh trong so vdi cac bai tha ciia cac thiin su ddi Ly. ddi mat trong). Tai day, "ma quan" sau Ndi dung trinh bay den ban thi giai thoat, can khdng nliiem sau trin, "cdi Phat" hoa cac van de sinh tu Niet ban, chan nhu, sic hien ngap tran sic xuan: "The so nhit khdng, huu vd... Chiing ta cd thi thiy sach mac, Thdi tinli luong hai ngan. Ma mdt vai bai tha a ddi Ly nliu Ngdn hodi cung hon quan tham, Phat qudc bit thang cua Kliong Lg; Him huang Nhu Lai ciia xuan"'-" (Sd dai ma mit ca, Tinh trong Quang Nghiem; Hoa diep cua Giac Hai... ddi mat trong. Cung ma neu quan chat, phat bieu ve de tai nay. Nhu la sir tilp ndi Coi Phat xuan Idiong ciing)*^"*. Doc bai 11
  10. TAP CHI HAN NOM SO 6 (103) - 2010 THiCH PHUaC DAT De Ddng Hien ddn viet gia son, ta thay, Nhan Tong; va nhilu bai tha khae ciia Huyen Quang ciing tu tai giai thoat vai Huyin Quang dat din dinh cao ciia thi mdt tam thiic thanh tinh, kliong con he ca nhu Cue hoa (6 bai), Chu trung. luy tuc tran: "Hoa mdc di duyen chiing Phiim chu, Trite mien, Ngg thuy, Nhdn tac son. Lung yen trao nguyet, lac hoa su dS Ciru Lan tu, Dia Id tiec su... ban. Tdng tu niem lu dd vd tuc, Doanh Bai Chu trung, Phiim chu la mdt thf dac tlianh phong nhat chain an"*"^' (Quaiili du diln hinh. Ca hai bai deu iiy hinh quat cay leo, mii chat chdng. Hoa roi lanh anh con thuyin lam ngudn cam hirng de giua klioi trang long. Tii' na}' niem tiic thoi diln dat thi gidi thuc tai hien huu ciing Mi'ong \'an, Chiee goi an nlian trudc gio song hanh vdi the gidi sieu nghiem trong)*-"*'. trong mgt khdng gian bien trdi bao la, Chua dimg tai day, ta con thay cac mdt thdi gian vd bien de den nai ciing bai tha Thien bgc Id cam xuc tam trang tan. Con thuyen ciia Huyen Quang la thuc chirng giac ngd dugc giai trinh con thuyen vugt thoat khd dau ma kinh thong qua XQ dep thien nhien dep de. dien nha Phat ggi la thu\en Bat Nha. huyen ao bang mgt cam quan Thien hgc. Nguoi dge se cam nhan sir thanh thoat, Nguon cam biing sang tao truoc canh su huyen dieu giua bien trdi menh \-at him tinh, thien nhien boa canh Phat mdng, c6 sir hien hiiu cua mdt chiee la sd truang sang tac ciia cac thien su tir thuyen con ludt qua be dai tram luan, xa ddi Ly den ddi Tran ma cac nha nghien xa chi mgt canh chim hai au trang de cim gpi la tha tire canh sinh tinh. Bai ma ldi cho cudc hanh trinh ve mien giai Ngu nhdn ciia Khdng Ld (theo Le Dire thoat "Giang thiiy lien thien nhat au Niem neu ra, rdi y nay dugc Biii Duy bach" (Chim au mdt canh trang phau. Tan viet lai dang tren Tgp chi Vdn hgc {Chu trungf'^\ Den bai Phiem chu thi sd 5-2002. tr.85-86 thi bai tha nay chfnh nguoi dge khdng chi cam nhan bang la ciia Han 6 (842-923) ddi Duong a ngdn ngii thi ca ma con tiep can dugc Trung Hoa x'di thi de la Tiiy trudc chir the gioi chimg thuc ndi tam luon hoa khdng phai la Khdng Ld (1016-1094) quyen giira cuoc dai xao dgng vdi song ddi Ly d Viet Nam) va Cdo tat thi nudc dat dao va coi "sac khong" an tinh chiing ciia Man Giac ddi Ly la mdt vdi "Nguyet lac ba tam giang man trong nhung bai tieu bieu. Nhung dau an suong" (Trang rai day nuac, day sdng . N(26) ldn ve loai tha nay \an la cac tac gia suang ma) . thien sir a ddi Tran thugc phai Thien Nhin chung. co su chuyen djch \'e True Lam nliu bai Ky Thanh Phong am ndi dung chuyen tai va hinh thirc thi tdng Dice San cua Tran Thai Tdng; De loai trong ke va tha Thien tir doi Ly din Huyen Thien dgng, Hgnh Thien Trudng ddi Tran, cu the la Thiin phai Tnic hdnh cung ciia Tran Thanh Tdng; Hga Lam. Ve ndi dung chuyen tai, chiing tdi Hung Tri thugng vi hdu, Giang hd tu nhit tri vdi y kien tdng kit la ke va tha thich... ciia Tue Tmng; Xudn hieu, Dgng Thien true tiep hay gian tiep ban \'l giao Thien hd thugng. Xudn cdnh... ciia Tran ly Phat giao, triet ly ban thi giai thoat van 12
  11. s u TIEP BIEN THE LOAI VAN HOC PHAT GIAO TRONG ... la da sd voi 321 tren tdng sd 405 dan vj 3.3. Ngu' luc tac phim, chilm ty le gin 80%. Trong khi Sach Tu dien Phdt hgc Hue Quang do, ke va tha Thien mang ndi dung cam ghi "Cac sach ghi chep ldi thuyet phap xiic trii tinh, cam hiing Thiin chi chilm hoac loi khai thi... ciia cac To sir Thien 84 tren tdng sd dan vi tac phim vai ty le tong. Thong thudng cac thien su ndi 20%. Neu so sanh giua ke va tha Thiin phap khdng diing lai van hoa ma diing ddi Ly voi doi Tran qua su phan loai va nhii'ng tir ngu binh di de chi thang tdng thdng ke, tha Thiin dai Ly thuong thien yeu, thi gia va cac de tir theo hgc lien ve bay to giao ly nlia Phat, tin sd xuit ghi chep sun tap thanh sach, ggi la Ngic hien rit cao (ty le 94%), con ddi Tran thi luc. Sau khi Luc Td Hue Nang diu dai ndi dung nay lai thip hon (ty le tren Duang, Trung Quoc, co Phdp bao ddn 70%)* ^'. Con tha Thiin thien vl cam xiic kinh thi ngii luc cac nai lin lugt xuit tru tinli tlii ngugc lai, van hgc ddi Ly chi hien. Tir thdi Ngii dai, Trieu Tdng vl chiem khoang 6%), van hgc Phat giao ddi sau, che do ciia cac tiing lam Thiin tong Tran thi chiem khoang 30%) nhu da co thanh lap, trong dd duai thiin su Tru tri nha nghien cim thdng ke. Dilu dd ly giai CO lap chirc Thu ky vai nhiem vu ghi la klii cam xiic trii' tinh trong tha Thiin chep ngon hanh ciia thien su, sau nay ngay cang tang thi bien gidi tha Thiin se bien tap thanh ngii luc nhu Md Td Dgo dugc md rdng, tha Thien "tiln gin tdi cac Nhdt thien su ngic luc, Trieu Chdu Timg the loai tha trii tinh hay tha tu su thi hinh Thdm thien su ngic luc..."^^'^\ Y kiln thuc the loai cua nd cang ma nhat di cua Nguyen Hue Chi vl vin dl xac dinh nliung dau an rieng biet ma mang hinh tac gia dich thirc ciia cac doan van ddi thuc gan gui vdi cac thi loai thi ca dap qua lai gifra thay va trd da dugc dng kbac"' '. Nhieu bai tha Thiin ciia cac tac ly giai a phan Khdo lugn vdn bdn trong gia Thien phai v.v... la nliiing minli Tha vdn Ly - Trdn, tap 1*^". Theo thiin chiing cho y kien tren. y cua chung tdi, cac ngii luc dugc bao luu cho den ngay nay cua Thiin tdng Ve mat hinh thiic the loai, nlu da sd Trung Hoa, hay Viet Nam diu do cac de ke va tha Thien ddi Ly thudng dugc tir suu tap, hoac Ban thu ky trong chiia viet theo the tha cd thi hay ldi thuang bien tap chinh sira nen ldi van ddi dap doan cii, hoac tu ngon, ngu ngdn, luc trong van ban cua cac tac phim nay cd ngdn phdng khoang vl niem luat vin sir thay ddi. N I U liic diu ngu luc dugc dieu, cau chii' ndi chung la mang tinh diln dat bing khiu ngu thi sau do dugc chat md thi tha Thien dai Trin, tieu nhuan van va tra nen nhirng cau van bieu la Thien phai Tnic Lam da phin lai xuoi hoan chinh: hoac dugc dien dat dugc viet theo the luat Duong tir tuyet thanh nhiing lai tha bdng biy, giau hinh hoac bat cii (thoang hoac mdi gap vai anh van chuang, vdi ldi ndi in du kin bai truang thien cd phong) nen khudn dao nham danh manh vao tam thiic ngudi khd quy pham, nghiem ngat hon theo hgc birng tinh dl true nhan chan ly ding yeu ciu dac trung cua the loai*^^'. sau Idp vo ngon tir. 13
  12. TAP CHI HAN NOM SO 6 (103) - 2010 THiCH PHW&C DAT Ngii luc la mdt the loai kha dac biet D I tai dl ddi thoai thuang xoay trong van hgc Phat giao Ly - Tran, dang quanh ITnh vue Thiin bgc, Phat hgc: tiec hien chi cdn mdt sd tac pham dugc Chdn nhu Phdt tinh, Sdc khdng...Theo bao lun so vdi thu tich cd cho biet. Ve van ban nay ghi lai thi day la cudc ddi van hgc Phat giao ddi Ly hien cdn Tham thoai giua thiin su Trung Hoa, hieu Dire do hien quyet cua Vien Chieu, nhung Thanh va Trin Thai Tong. Chi cin dpc chi vai doan; Nhdt nhdt hdi chiing ciia hai cau hoi va lai dap dau tien, ta thay Tinh Khdng; Ddp de tic dieu dgo chi vdn vin dl Thiin dugc dat ra va giai dap ciia Chan Khdng. Ddi Tran cd Ngit luc nhu the nao. vdn ddp mdn hg cua Tran Thai Tdng, - Tdng Dire Thanh tiln van: "Thi nay cdn mdt phan d trong Khda hu luc; Tdn vi ly Dau Suit dT giang vuang Tue Trung Thuang sT ngic luc ciia Tran cung; vi xuit mau thai, do nhan dT tat Tung do Phap Loa ghi lai; Dgo sdch luc thai nhu ha?" ciia Phap Loa chi con vai doan; Thdnh - D I van: "Thien giang hiru thuy dcing ngit luc chua ro tac gia Thien uyen thien giang nguyet, Van ly vd van van tap anh ngit luc gdm nhieu tac gia. Mdt ly thien." sd tac pham thugc loai ngir liic khae chi - Tang van: "Vi ly vi xuat mdng khai cdn ten sach nhu Thien ldm thiet chuy thi. DT ly dT xuit sir nhugc ha?" - De van: ngic luc, Thgch thdt my ngic ciia Tran "Van sinh nhac dinli dd lu bach, Thuy dao Nhan Tdng; Phd tue ngic luc ciia Huyen Tieu Tuong nhat dang thanh."^ '. Quang... chii ndi dung van ban thi that truyen. C) day, chiing tdi chi khao sat (- Thien sir Dire Thanh, nudc Tdng cac ngii' luc ciia Thien phai Tnic Lam. tiln len hdi: The Tdn chua rdi Dau Suat da giang xudng Vuong cung, chua Ipt Ngic luc vdn ddp mdn hg ciia Tran Idng me da do het chiing sanh la the nao? Thai Tdng la tac pham dugc viet theo - Vua dap: Mudn sdng cd nudc thi loai ngii luc. Ve mat hinh thiic, ngtr trang mudn sdng, Van dam khdng may, luc la ldi hdi va dap qua cudc ddi thoai trdi van dam. giiia hai ngudi, thdng thudng la giiia - Tang ndi: Chua rdi Dau Suat Igt thay va trd, giiia thien sir nay va thien su bao thai, Chi ro phan minh da ro rdi. kbac...nhu mdt cuoc hdi ngg dam dao. Dau Suat, bao thai nay da tach. Dam Q the loai nay, cac lai doi thoai cd khi mong phan giai mgt ddi lai ? dugc dien dat bang khau ngii hoac dugc - Vua dap: May sinh dinh niii binh ghi lai dudi dang van xudi, cd liic dugc bdng trang, Nudc den Tieu Tuong mgt phd dien bang nhirng ldi tha giau hinh sic trong.)* . anh thi ca, sdng dgng, vdi ldi an du kin dao nham ggi md hoac dugc dien dat Sau nay, van de tren da dugc thiin bang mdt thu ngdn ngii' phi thirc, sieu su Chan Nguyen ly giai: "May len niii nghiem. Sir dung thii phap nghe thuat bac bing lau, Nuac xudng ngudn Tao nay la hudng tu duy cua ngudi hgc tra vac vac sang thanh. Phap than tram tich ve thuc tai "dang la" . vien minh, Tu tai tung hoanh phd man 14
  13. s u TIEP BIEN THE LOAI VAN HOC PHAT GIAO TRONG .. thai hu. Tuy hinh ung vat tu nhu, Hoa trong Khda hu luc va Tue Trung Thugng thien bach lic do chu mgi loai. iTng hien sT vai tiing co trong Thugng .sT ngic luc. duoi dat tren trai, Khip hoa thi gidi mgi Noi den the loai niem tung ke thi nai trong ngoai. Da dat hieu la Nhu Lai, khong thi khdng ban den timg co. Hai sao con hoi xuit mau thai lam gi? thi loai nay cd sir ket hgp giiia hai hinh Nguyen luan biln hoa quang huy, Thien thirc ngir luc va ke. Muc dich chii yeu la giang hiin thuy ciing thi bdng in."*^'". vii'a dien giai, vira due ket cac van de cdt Hay lai van dap ciia thiy tro Tue loi ciia Thien de hgc tro nam virng va Trung trong Tue Trung Thugng sT ngic thuc tap. Ve mat hinh thirc ket cau, giua luc ciia Tran Tung: niem tung ke va tiing co kha giong nhau. Chimg gdm nhieu tiet, mdi tiet co - Thdi hiin tang van: "Khai tu ba phan. Ddi vdi niem tung ke gdm co Thugng sT, mo vi sinh tir su dai, vo cu, niem va tung; cdn ddi vai tung co thi thudng tan tdc, vi tham thii' than, sinh gom cu', luan (sir van) va tiing. tdng ha lai? Tir tdng ha khir" - Su van: "Trudng khdng tiing sir Cir: Neu len mgt cau chuyen trong song phi cdc, Cu hai ha phuang nhat Phat thoai hay nhirng lai giang dao ciia diem au." cac bac su Td cao tang ddi trudc de lam de dan. - Tien van: "Nhu ha thi dao? Niem: Neu y kien tac gia ve van de - Su van: "Dao bat tai van, van bat dd, CO khi bd sung, cd khi phan bac van tai dao."*^=' de dd. Cd the xem day la phan luan ciia - (Bay gid cd mdt mdn tang hdi: van de. O tiing cd ciia Tue Trung Thugng Bach Thugng sT: Tdi cho rang sdng chet sT thi dung hai chu "su van". la vice ldn. Nd vd thuang mau le. Chu Tiing: Tdm tat nhii'ng kien giai ciia a ro tam than nay tir dau sinh ra? Chet minh thanh mdt bai ke co dgng, cd van, rdi di dau? cd hinh tugng de nguoi hgc dao de dang - Su dap: Ddi vanli luan chuyen giira tung dge. Tung la mgt each dge tap trung, bau trdi, Bien ca lo gi chiit bgt troi.) thudng xuyen, mdt phuang thirc ciia cac - La hdi: The nao la dao? de tu nha Phat thuc tap ddi sdng hudng - Su dap: Dao khong a trong cau thugng. Bang phuang phap tung, ngudi hdi, Cau hoi khong a trong dao.)*^'''. dge, dan dan hieu va ngd ra nliiing ao nghTa tham sau giao ly Phat da. 3.4. Niem tung ke, tiing cd Niem tung ke va tung cd dugc xem Day la hai the loai dac thu cua van la viec thuc tap cac cdng an Thien. hgc Phat giao. The loai nay chi xuit Cdng an la cau ndi dugc din ra tii' cac hien trong van hgc dai Tran. Van hgc bd kinh Phat hoac cac bd ngir luc ciia ddi Ly chua co. Theo thu tich co cho chu Td, phan lan la kho hilu. Ngirdi biit, doi Tran chi co hai tac gia de lai hgc phai trirc cam tam linh dl nhan ra tac phim thugc loai nay la Tran Thai su that tir cac cong an do, chir khong Tdng vdi niem tung ke dugc chep gop phai bang tu duy him nga. Nguai thiy 15
  14. TAP CHi HAN NOM SO 6 (103) - 2010 THiCH PHW&C DAT tiiy theo can tinh cua hgc tro ma khai Ro rang, niem va luan nhu anh sang ma tam thiic, sau khi day dua hg den tue giac soi sang vd minh trong tam cho birc bach tan ciing. Tai day, ngudi thirc ngudi hgc, giiip hg true ngd chan hgc biing va va the nhap chan ly. ly. Con nlu can ca kem, nguoi hgc cd So sanh niem tung ke, tung cd vdi the du vao phin niem va tung nay ma ke thi cac bai tung (ke) cua chiing gan dugc khai tam. Nhu vay, niem tung ke vdi ke trong kinh. Neu ke trong kinh co va tung CO van la phuang tbiic tu tap chirc nang tdm tat ndi dung tu tudng ma Thiin ddn ngd. Phuang thiic nay that phan van xuoi da giang trudc dd bang uyen chuyen, hiiu hieu, phii hgp vdi the tha thi ke (tung) trong niem tung ke trinh do, can ca cua nguai tu tap. Su ket CO chirc nang thau tom ldi kien giai d hgp nhieu phuang thirc tung kinh, niem tren, bang hinh thirc tha cd dgng vdi Phat, tga Thien cua Phat giao ddi Tran muc dich khdng chi ndi, ma con di hoi da gop phan lam cho nen Phat hgc, ngudi hgc dao phai dge tung cho den Thien hgc phat trien mdt each rue ra khi nao "va" ra de giac ngg. mang tinh pho cap dai chiing*^''. Neu so sanh hai the loai tren vdi Niem tung ke trong Khda hu luc cd ngii luc thi chiing dugc sir dung thu den 43 bai thuc tap. Ve cir va niem phap an du de luan giai cdng an Thien. thuang lay tir cac Thien sir Trung Hoa, Dieu dang ndi, phan ket cau cua chiing rieng phan tung ke la do Tran Thai Tdng khae nhau ro ret. Niem tung ke va tung viet. Chang han, khi khao ciru bai tap cd cd 3 phan; con ngii luc chi cd hai thuc hanh thir nhat, ta thay: phan van va dap. Ngir luc thuang sir Cir: "The Ton vi ly Dau Suat, dT giang dung an du dam chat khau ngii vi von, vuong cung, vj xuat mau thai, dd nhan dugc dien dat bang van xuoi, cd khi dTtit" bang van van nhung kha phi ldgic, sir Niem: "Kiem kich vi thi, Tuong quan dung nghich ngii nham keo ngudi hgc dT Id" dao buac ra viing tu duy theo ly tri, tra Tung: "Mdt hinh hai tir vi ly huang, ve thuc tai. Ngudi hgc dao tu nhien lieu dat yeu chi cua Thien. Trong khi dd, Ngg da tuong nhan do dieu mang. niem tung ke va tung cd van sir dung loi Cao dap u du vd gian each. dien dat an du va phi logic, nhung cau Bat tu thuyen tir du phii nang."*'^^' tha trong phan tung khdng qua kho hieu (Neu: The Ton chua rdi Dau Suit, nhu nhiing ldi ddi dap trong phan ngir da giang xudng cung vua, chua Igt Idng luc. Hon niia, vdi ket cau ba phan, me da do het chiing sinh. nguai hgc khi nghien ngam cong an d Niem: Guam giao chua cim, Tudng phan cir va dugc giai thich bien luan ggi tai da 16. md cu thay d phan niem (trong niem tung ke), phan luan (trong tung co) thi Tung: Chua hinh iu tir chira roi que, den thai diem nay, ngudi hgc khi dge Dem tham dua ngudi qua bin me. den phan tung se dugc sang to. Cao buac dao choi ngoai khoang each, 16
  15. s u TIEP BIEN THE LOAI VAN HOC PHAT GIAO TRONG Khdng can thuyin ban vdi phao be)*^^'. 3.5. Tu Trong cong an nay, cau cir Tran Tu la mgt thi loai van hgc dugc sit Thai Tdng lay tir Thiin tdng tung cd lien dung rdng rai trong van hgc tmng dai chdu thdng, tap 2, Tuc 115.8b4 (52al0): noi chung, van hgc Phat giao ndi rieng. "The Tdn vi ly Dau Suit, dT giang Tuy nhien, xet ve ngudn gdc the loai vuang cung, vi xuit mdu thai, do nhan nay ma cac ban van kinh dien van hgc dT tat.". Den hai cau niem thi lay mgt Phat giao sir dung cd ten ggi day du la cau tra lai cua thien su Ddng An tu dan. c i u tnic mdt bai tu dan trong Thuang Sat trong Thien tdng chfnh mgt ban Kinh Dgi thira dugc trinh bay mach 6, ta 43al5 va mdt chut cai bien. qua 5 phin: Duyen khdi kinh; Thdi gian Cau cua thiin su Thuang Sat la "Kiem - khdng gian; Ngudi ndi - chu the; Ndi giap vi thi, Tac than dT lg". dung thdng diep chfnh; Nguai nghe - Cdn trong Thuang sT ngit luc d phan Ddi tugng. Theo Tie dien Phdt hgc Hue Tung cd cua Tran Tung co 13 bai thuc Quang ghi "Tu dan la ldi van dan ma tap Thien. Khao sat bai thuc tap thir tam dau cac kinh chii.". Ldi van dan chii vdi chu de Vinh nhuc deu nhu nhau thi Ldng Nghiem trong kinh Ldng Nghiem 7 se ro sir kbac nhau giiia niem tung ke va (Dai 19, 113 ha ghi "Luc bay gid, tir noi tung cd: nhuc ke ciia dire The Tdn phdng ra tia anh sang tram bau, trong tia sang hien ra Cij Lao Tir 'viet: "Simg nhuc nhugc kinh" doa hoa sen bau nghin canh, tren dd cd Su van: "Thu trung xa boa thien ban vat, hoa Nhu Lai ngdi, tren danh diic Nhu Lai Tam thugng duyen sinh van lu uu." nay phdng ra 10 tia sang tram bau, mdi tia Tung 'viet: "Han tu tmdc y nhiet thoat y, sang deu thi hien 10 hang ha sa cac vi Vd ban vd nhiet him thuy tri? Kim Cuang, Mat Tich, vi bung mii, vi cam chay, day khap hu khdng. Dai chiing Dan khan ngu lieu cung hoa sac, ngang nhin, vira sg hai, vira vui mimg, Bat ddc tam xuan hoai tii thi." *''*' cau Phat che chd mdt ldng lang nghe (Neu: Lao Tir ndi: "Vinh nhuc deu Phdng Quang Nhu Lai tir Vd Kiln danh khdng sg" tudng cua Phat noi ra than chu"*'*^'. Su ndi: Tay kheo ve nen ngan su vat, Tren ca sd do, den thdi Phat giao Ldng cang them may van lo au. Ly - Tran, sir van dung the loai nay Tung rang: Nong cdi ao ra, lanh khoac vd, trong cac ban van cd thay doi cho phu Khdng ndng khong lanh, biit bao gia? hgp vdi thuc tien ddi sdng van hgc. Ndi Xem mau lilu ngu hoa cung day, dung cua loai nay thuang thuat lai vl nguon goe, nguyen uy ve mdt su kien, Lg phai tim xuan hong bon miia.)*'*'' vu viec gi dd. Tbi du Ta Tbiic Ngao Vay la phan cir dan lai lai Lao Tir viet bai minh va tu vl chiia Simg trong sach Dgo dice kinh. Tir lai ggi Khanh ca nggi Nguyen An tu Van Giac dan, nguai hgc dao cd the nghien ngam sang lap chiia nay a huyen Vi Xuyen, cho din khi nao bimg ngd chan ly thi thdi. (Siing Khdnh tu bi minh tinh tu). Do bai 17
  16. TAP CHi HAN NOM SO 6 (103) - 2010 THiCH PHW&C DAT van viet ke nguyen iiy va kbac len bia nen cua mdt cudn sach, nhung thuc chat no la a day the tu gan lien the bi ky va minh. mgt van ban cd gia tri ve mat tu lieu. Nd Tu cdn la bai van ngan, sue tich dugc giiip chiing ta xac dinh dugc nhieu dieu viet d phan dau tien ciia sach nham gidi ve mat ly luan va tu tudng. Day la mgt thieu tdng quat ve ngi dung cudn sach ma ang van tu su, thuat lai nhiing nam thang ngay nay chiing ta ggi la bai tua, ldi ndi cua nha •vua gan vdi mdt dau an lich sir diu. Van hgc trung dai Viet Nam thai Ly dugc viet bang mdt ngdn ngii' chii Han - Trin vin con bao luu nhieu bai tu khae trang trgng. Dge bai tira, chiing ta c6 the nhau nhim gidi thieu tdng quat ve tac hieu phan nao cudc dai ciia nha vua ddi phim. Ta cd the liet ke nhu sau: Phan Phu vdi lich sir dan tgc, dao phap, dugc ghi Tien da viet bai tua Tdn san Viet dm thi bang mdt van phong bi hiing, mdt gigng tap tic khi dng san dinh lai Viet dm thi tap dieu tam tinh, mgt biit phap het sire sinh vao nam 1443, Ly Tir Tan viet ldi tua Tdn dgng, c6 sire thuyet phuc cao. O ITnh virc tuyen Viet dm thi tap tu... vao nam 1495 triet hgc, Thien hgc, Thien tdng chi nam khi Chu Xa tuyen chgn lai tap tha nay. tu tuy chi la bai tua nliung that ra no dugc Van hgc Phat giao Ly - Tran, cii the la danh gia nhu la cuong ITnh dinli hudng Thien phai Tnic Lam hien nay con luu phat trien Thien hgc ddi Tran. N6 kien giii nhieu bai tua. Trong dd, Khoa hu luc thiet giao ly can ban ciing nhu ca sd ly la mdt tac pham da bao luu rat nhieu bai luan cho Thien phai Triic Lam ra ddi de tira cua nhieu tac pham kbac nhau ma dap img cac nhu cau thuc tien ciia lich sir Tran Thai Tdng da viet. Co it nhat la bdn dat nudc va dao phap nudc nlia trong mgt van ban ve the loai nay trong Khod hu thdi dai mdi - thai dai Dong A song mai luc: Thien tdng chi nam tu, Kim Cicang trong ldng dan tgc Viet Nam. tam mudi kinh tu, Binh ddng sdm vdn tu, 3.6. Ca, ngam Luc thi sdm hdi khoa nghi tu. Ca, ngam la nhung the loai chi cd Bai tira cd gia tri van chuong nhat xuat hien trong cac sang tac ciia cac trong so cac bai tua ma Tran Thai Tong thien gia, thien su dai Tran thugc Thien viet la bai Thien tdng chi nam tu. Co le n6 phai True Lam ma thoi, chir vao dai Ly ra ddi vao khoang thai gian tir nam 1256 - thi hau nhu khong co. Theo thu tich cd, 1258 klii dug chuan bi nhudng ngoi. Day tha van ciia Thien phai cdn bao lun la loi ndi dau cua cuon sach chi day ve cdt dugc 4 van ban dugc sang tac theo the tuy Thien tdng, dugc xem la chi nam loai nay, co ndi dung ban ve triet ly Phat Thien tdng. Cdn nguyen ban cudn sach thi - Thien. Dd la Phdt tdm ca, Phong da mat. Tuy vay, ngudi dge bai tu nay cudng ngdm, Trieu than rigdm cua Tue ciing nam ro ndi dung cdt yeu cudn sach. Trung va Ddc thu ldm tuyen thdnh dgo Dung lugng bai tua nay chi viet Idioang ca ciia Tran Nhan Tdng. vai ba trang, nliung ndi dung van ban lai Diem chung ciia the loai ca va ngam het sire cd gia tri ve mat lich sir van hgc, la khong co su giai ban so cau trong mdt triet hgc, thien hgc... Ve mat van chuong, bai, ke ca niem. luan, van, dieu cung Thien tdng chi nam tu tuy la lai ndi dau khdng can kliat klie, chat che. Bai Phiit 18
  17. s u TIEP BIEN THE LOAI VAN HOC PHAT GIAO TRONG ... tam ca cua Tue Trung dugc sang theo thi ngudi dge vdi mgt dau an tam linh trong loai ca, vilt bing chii Han. Nhu da ndi, do viec thuc thi hanh tri giai thoat giac ngd. khong gidi ban vl sd cau chii nen bai Diem kbac biet giiia ca va ngam la Phdt tdm ca kha dai, gdm 12 doan (khd), ve mat hinh thiic ve dung lugng sd cau 55 cau. Kho dau cd 8 cau thit ngdn xen ciia bai ca dai han bai ngam. Chang han, luc ngon a 2 cau diu "Phat, Phat, Phat, bai Phdng cudng ngdm ciia Tue Trung bat kha kiln; Tam, tam, tam, bit kha chi CO 26 cau, mdi cau cd bay tieng, di thuylt." Mudi mgt khd con lai, mdi khd 5 khi xen cau tam tieng, van gieo a cudi cau. Trong do, cau thii nhit va cau thii cau chan. Trong khi dd, bai Trieu thdn hai, mdi cau 3 tieng; ba cau con lai mdi ngdm thi co 28 cau, chia lam bon khd cau clii CO 7 tiing. Khao sat ky mdi khd dugc viet theo loi co phong. Ba khd diu, thi chiing ta de dang nhan ra mdi khd diu moi khd sau cau, moi cau bay tiing. la bai tii tuyet thit ngon xen luc ngdn va Kho cudi gdm muai cau, thinh thoang cau dau chfnh la cau luc ngdn dugc tach cd xen mgt vai cau chin tieng. Van gieo ra lam hai. Van gieo d cudi cau va da sd d bai ngam nay toan la vin trie kilu ddc la van trae, chi cd 4 khd gieo vin bing. van a cudi cac cau chan. Dac trung ciia Sir dung mgt the loai nhu vay dl sang tac, the ngam la dimg de ngam hay hat khiln bai Phat tdm ca khdng chi cd gia tri vl ai cung cd the de dang cam nhan. Vi mat hinh thiic bieu dat nghe thuat thi ca vay, tac gia thudng sir dung chii "hi" ma cdn cd ndi dung chuyin tai tu tudng lam tir dem trong cau cua cac bai ngam Thien hgc het siic gia tri. Nlu bai Phdt nhu chiing ta thudng thiy. Bit cii ai, khi tdm ca cua Tue Tmng vilt bing chii Han thi bai Ddc thu ldm tuyin thdnh dgo ca doc bai ngam nao ciing cd thi true nhan cua Tran Nhan Tdng dugc vilt bing Qudc triet ly sdng ciia Thien tdng ma tac gia am, tiing me de tiic chu Ndm nhu la mdt da trinh bang mdt tam thirc khai phdng, su thanh tuu ldn ve mat ngdn ngti tiing lieu ngd cac phap. Viet. Ve cau tnic bai ca nay dugc vilt 3.1. Phu theo the ca, tii ngdn trudng thien, gdm 84 La the loai ciia van hgc Trung Hoa cau va mdt bai ke vilt theo ldi tha thit ra ddi tir thdi Xuan thu Chiln qudc tren ngdn tii tuyet bing chii Han nliu tdm tit ca sd ciia Kinh thi. Sd tu va \'an xuoi ndi dung bai ca, lam sang to chu dl. Tuy Tien Tan, dugc gidi nghien ciru van hgc tac gia gieo khdng tuan thii vin dieu, nhung nuac nay minh dinh la "ban thi ban nhd thuat biet xen ke bing trie cudi cau van". Theo Luu Hiep trong Vdn tdm lam cho am dieu bai ca khi dugc dge len dieu long da khing dinh phii cd ngudn cd su nhip nhang, hai hoa khiln nguai dge goe tir Sd tic Ly Tao: "Ban Cd cho phii cd cam giac nhu dang thuang thirc lan dieu la loai tha cd. Din khi Khuit Nguyen dan ca mang am hudng Phat phap. R6 lam Ly Tao thi the phu mai bit diu lan rang, mgt hinh thiic nghe thuat dugc thi rgng. Nhung phu bit ngudn tir nudc Sd hien qua mgt the ca, vdi mgt kit ciu, y tii va thinh len a ddi Han."*'*^'. chat che va bang mgt cam hung Thiin Cho den nay, g Trung Hoa da cd hgc chiing ngd ca hai bai ca di vao long nhieu each phan loai phu, nhung theo
  18. T.\P CHi HAN NOM SO 6 (103) - 2010 THiCH PHW&C DAT nha nghien cim Chir Ban Kiet thi each Trong xu huong dinh hinh va phat phan loai cua Tir Su Tang ddi Minh triln thi loai phu vao thdi Tran, cac nha trong Vdn the minh bien la dugc nhieu khai sang Thiin phai Tnic Lam da tien nguoi cho la hgp ly hon ca. U'u diem ndi phong tmac tac cac bai pbii mang ndi bat nhat cua each phan chia nay la ket dung tu tuang Phat giao Viet Nam va dan hgp dugc cac phuang dien thai gian, tdc trong viec xay dimg phat trien dat phucmg dien hinh thiic, phuang dien ndi nudc Dai Viet. Dilm ndi bat la cac bai dung ciia the tai. Theo dd, phii bao gdm phu ma ta cdn bao lun thugc ddng van cac tieu loai chinh: cd phu, bai phii, luat hgc Phat giao ddi Tran nhu Cu trdn lgc phu \ a van phu*""'. Trong dd, ta cd nhimg dgo phu cua Trin Nhan Tdng; Vinh Vdn tieu loai phii bao gdm nhting tieu loai Yen tu phu ciia Hu}'en Quang, Gido tic khae. Nhu trong co phii cd tao the phu phu ciia Mac DTnli Chi (?) deu dugc sang la nhiing bai phii md phong nhieu )'eu to tac bang chir Ndm, trong dd, hai bai deu ciia Sd tir vdi sd tieng trong cau va cd thugc hai tac gia ciia Thien phai Triic Lam. tieng dem "he". Vay la phii khdng phai la mdt the loai thuan nhat \a ndi den Cu trdn lgc dgo phu ciia Tran Nhan thugc tinh cua the loai la ndi den nhiing Tdng la ban tuyen ngdn cua con dudng dac tinh ca ban va pho bien nhat. sdng dao ma Phat giao Viet Nam chu truong, CO tac ddng va chi phdi cuoc Mdt trong nhiing thugc tinh sam sdng ngudi dan thdi dd. Day la mdt dugc xac dinh ciia the phii la "ta chi"^ . trong nhting tac pham dugc trich dan Cai "chf" d day dugc Dang Thai Mai giai dfch danh nhu quyen uy, khi thien su thich trong Thi ngdn chi. Dd la "Ta nen Chan Nguyen trinh bay nhiing van de hieu chii "chi" d day la ••tam"cua ke sT. Phat giao cho vua Le Du Tdng vao nam Cho nen "chi" khdng chi cd phan nghi 1692 trong Kiin finh thdnh Phgl lijd'^^'. lire, phan y chi ma thdi, ma no cd phan Do dd, tu tudng Cu trdn lgc dgo da gdp tam tinh ke sT niia"*"*^'. Phii d Trung Hoa phin lam nen nhiing chien cdng ciia cha va Viet Nam deu dugc hieu trong tinh dng ta trong viec dung nudc va giii than dd. nudc. Bai phu nay dugc viet theo ldi 0 Viet Nam, phii xuat hien tir ddi phii thai Duong, nhung ddi va van cdn Tran. Dai Ly cd sir cd de cap, nhung long leo khi so vai cac bai phii ciia thai cho den na\' chiing ta \'an chua tim dugc Tran mat \'a Le sa. Toan bai gom 10 nhirng bai phu nay. Gan da}'. Tdng tap hdi, moi hdi co dan tir 13 cau (hgi thir ]'cin hgc Viet Nam gidi thieu them mgt ba va bdn) cho tdi 30 cau. Va mdi hdi \ai bai phii chtr Han ddi Tran, ma truac ciing gieo mdt van, cac hdi le gieo van dd da cdng bd 13 bai da in trong Qudn bing va cac hdi chan gieo van trae. Cuoi hien phit tap. cd luc dugc ggi la phii ddi hdi thu mudi thi c6 them bai ke theo thi Tran - Hd*"*^'. Cac bai phu nay deu ca thit ngdn tir tuyet bang chu Han. Gidi nggi tu tudng. the hien tam ldng cua ke nghien ciru deu xem bai ke la chii de tu sT ddi vdi dat nudc, ^•di trieu dai trong tudng Thien hgc ciia bai phii, con chiing sir nghiep dung nudc \a giir nudc. tdi xem day nhu la ca sd ly luan hinh 20
  19. s u TIEP BIEN THE LOAI VAN HOC PHAT GIAO TRONG thanh chu thuylt "Cu trin lac dao" Neu til' ngfr hinh anh trong bai Vinh cua Thien phai. Vl tu dang thi bai phii Vdn Yen tie phu day hinh anh mo ta thi Viet theo ldi vilt gia ta hinh thanh. den Gido tic phu cii Mac DTnh Chi (?) Cdn til' vung, bai phii nay co nhilu tir thi ttr ngti' hinh anh that mgc mac gian di xua ma khi so vai cac tac phim Qudc gan vai loi ca ve dan gian nham ran day am ddi sau nhu Qudc dm thi tap cua mgi nguai ve dao ly song thien, tin va Nguyen Trai thi it dugc sir dung. hanh theo ly nhan qua de buac ra khoi Trong dd, tir ngii Phat hgc nhu Di Da, luan hoi sinh tir. Dung lugng bai phii Circ lac, Tam doc... cua bai Cu trdn kha dai gdm 204 cau tha Ndm, vilt theo lgc dgo phu co tin sd xuit hien kha the tha giong bai Ddc thu ldm tuyin day so va bai Vinh Vdn Yen tu phu ciia thdnh dgo ca ciia Tran Nhan Tdng, Huyen Quang va bai Gido tic phu ciia nhung theo the tha tir ngdn, dan dieu, Mac DTnh Chi (?). van gieo khong hoan chinh. Co thi noi, Bai Vinh Vdn Yen tu phu cua Huyin moi bai phii co mgt net dac trung rieng, Quang Cling dugc sang tac bing chii' gop phan quan trgng trong viec hinh Nom. Theo van ban cua Hoang Xuan thanh va phat trien ngon ngii tiing Viet Han thi no dugc chia thanh 8 doan, 8 thai dd. van (phii bat van). Vin mdt cd 4 cau 8 Nhin chung, su ra ddi tac phim van ve 64 chu. Vin hai co 7 cau 14 vl 122 hgc ciia Thien phai Tnic Lam da gop chii. Van ba cd 7 cau 14 vl 98 chii. Vin phan cho thanh tiru thi loai van hgc bdn cd 7 cau 14 vl 110 chii. Vin nam trung dai ndi chung, van chuang ciia cd 5 cau 10 ve 66 chii. Vin sau cd 6 cau Thien phai tieu bieu cho Phat giao ddi 12 ve 82 chii. Van bay co 4 cau 8 vl 51 Tran noi rieng. Sir phong phii nhilu thi chtr. Van tam cd 5 cau 10 vl 60 chti. loai dugc van dung trong mdt tac phim, Ngoai ra c6 6 cau mao nhu: Thiy day (2 hay a nhieu tac pham ddc lap khae nhau lan), Hudng chi, Ta nay, Tii' din day. La ciia van chuang Thien phai, chirng to nhirng oi va cudi ciing la bai ke bing mdi khi phuang thu'c sang tac thay ddi chii Ndm theo the Duong thit ngon bat thi ndi dung chuyin tai cung thay ddi theo cu niem luat, van doi hoan chinh diing lich trinh diln tiln ciia xa hdi. Tir cac thi yeu cau cua the tha. Toan bg bai phii loai mang tinh chuc nang tdn giao nang cua Huyen Quang khong neu trilt ly triet ly Phat - Thiin 6 dai Ly, din din Thien - Phat nhu bai phii ciia Trin Nhan chuyen sang cac thi loai van hgc Phat Tdng ma nham giai thieu canh thien giao xuat hien vao diu ddi Trin nhu luan nhien Phat ciia the giai Thiin canh, thuyet tdn giao, ke - tha Thiin, ngu' luc, Thien thu vdi but phap lien tuang ngoa niem tung ke, tu, ca, ngam, phii vdi ngon du phd bien a the phii. Tai day, nguai ngfr hinh anh sdng ddng, bdc lg cam xiic dge cam nhan dugc khat vgng ciia trfr tinh, su rung dgng tinh tl ciia cai iiiiin Huyin Quang la mudn chuyen hda thi tue giac, tat ca da gop phin lam nen gia tri gioi thuc tai thanh the giai Phat qudc van hgc ciia Thiin phai. giua cudc ddi nay. T.P.D 21
  20. TAP CHi HAN NOM SO 6 (103) - 2010 THiCH PHW&C DAT Chii thich: (25) Vien Van hpc. Sdd, tap 2. tr.684. (1) Nguyen Duy Hinh: Tie tuang Phdt (26) Vien Van hoc, Sdd, tap 2, tr.694. gido Viet Nam, Nxb. KHXH, H. 1999, (27) Nguyen Cong Ly, Sdd, tr.l31. tr.305-306. (28) Nguyen Pham Hiing: Van dung (2) Thich Phude Dat: Vdi suy nghT ve quan diem the logi vdo viec nghien cim van Lich sir truyen thica Thien phdi Triic Lain. hpc Viet Nam thdi Ly - Tran: Luan an Pho Tap chi Nghieu ciru Phdt hpc, Giao hoi Phat Tien sT Khoa hoc Ngfr van - Vien Van hoc, giao Viet Nam. s6 5, 2006, tr.30.35, 1995, tr.47. (3) Tir dien Phat hoc Hdn Viet, tap 2, Hoa thuong Kim Cirang Tu', chii bien, (29) Nguyin Cong Ly, Sdd, tr.l32. Phan Vien Nghien ciru Phat hoc Viet Nam - (30) Thich Minh Canh, chu bien. Tic Nxb. KHXH,^H. 1994, tr.l466. dien Phdt hpc Hue Quang. tap 111, Nxb. (4) Doan Trung Con: Phdt hgc tir dien, Tdng hpp TP. HCM, tr.3081. tap 3. Phat Hoc Tting Thir, Sai Gdn, 1968, (31) Vien Van hpc, Sdd. tap 1, tr. 166-170. tr.l 168-1669. (32) Vien Van hpc, Sdd. tap 2, tr.l04. (5) Kinh Tnmg Bp, Thich Minh Chau (33) Vien Van hpc, Sdd, tap 2, tr.l06. dich, tap I, Truong Cao cap Phat hpc an hanh, 1986, tr.218. (34) Tran Thai Tong: Trdn Thdi Tdng todn liip. Le Manh That dich va gidi thieu, (6) Nguyen Cong Ly: Vein hpc Phiit gido thai Ly - Trdn: dien mgo vd dac diem, Nxb. Nxb. Tdng hop TP. HCM, 2004, tr.297. DHQG TP. HCM, 2002, tr.l 18. (35) Vien Van hoc, Sdd. tap 2. tr.310. (7) Nguyin Cong Ly, Sdd, tr.l48. (36) Vien Van hpc, Sdd, tap 2, tr.3 17. (8) Le Manh That: Nghien cim ve Mini (37) Nguyen Cong Ly, Sdd, tr.l35-138. Tie. tap 2, Tu Thir Van Hanh, SG. 1982, tr.352. (38) Vien Van hpc, Sdd, tap 2, tr.l22. (9) Vien Van hoc: Tha van Ly - Trdn, (39) Vien Van hpc. Sdd, tap 2, tr.l36. tap l.N.xb. KHXH, H. 1977, tr.252.253. (40) Vien Van hpc, Sdd, tap 2, tr.338. (10) Vien Van hpc, Sdd, tap 1, tr.216. (41) Vien Van hpc, Sdd, tap 2. tr.344-345. (11) Vien Van hoc, Sdd, tap 1, tr.527-528. (42) Thich Minh Canh, chii bien, Sdd, (12) Vien Van hoc: Tha vdn Ly - Trdn, tap V, 2005, tr.4930. tap 2, Nxb. KHXH, H. 1989, tr.53. (43) Luu Hiep: Vein tdm dieu long, Phan (13) Vien Van hpc, Sdd, tap 2, tr.55. Ngpc djch, Nxb. Van hpc, H. 1997, tr.l43-209. (14) Vien Van hoc, Sdd. tap 2, tr.666. (44) Trung Quoc co dgi vdn the khc'ii (15) Vien Van hpc, Sdd. tap 2, tr.667. lugn. Vuong Luc chii bien. Bac Kinh dai (16) Nguyin Cong Ly, Sdd, tr. 123-131. hpcxa. 1964, tr.l287-1289. (17) Vien Van hoc, Sdd, tap 2, tr. 182. (45) Xem Liru Hiep, Sdd. (18) Vien Van hoc, Sdd, tap 2, tr.l82. (46) Dang Thai Mai: Tuyen tap Dgng Thai (19) Vien Van hoc, Sdd, tap 2, tr.494. Mai tap 1, Nxb. Van hoa, H. 1984, tr.360. (20) Vien Van hpc, Sdd, tap 2, tr.496. (47) Pham Tuan Vu: Tim hieu hinh thiec (21) Vien Van hoc, Sdd. tap 2. tr.454. phii chic Hdn ddi Trdn. Nghien cim Vcm (22) Vien Van hpc, Sdd, tap 2, tr.454. hpc. s6 9-2005,11.81. (23) Vien Van hpc, Sdd, tap 2, tr.695. (48) Le Manh That: Chdn Nguyen toan (24) Vien Van hpc, Sdd, tap 2, tr.695. tap, Tu thu Van Hanh, Sai Gon, 1982, tr.72. 79
ADSENSE

CÓ THỂ BẠN MUỐN DOWNLOAD

LV.11: Bộ Luận Văn Tốt Nghiệp Chuyên Ngành Tài Chính Ngân Hàng
172 tài liệu
837 lượt tải
THÔNG TIN
TRỢ GIÚP
HỖ TRỢ KHÁCH HÀNG
Theo dõi chúng tôi

Chịu trách nhiệm nội dung:

Nguyễn Công Hà - Giám đốc Công ty TNHH TÀI LIỆU TRỰC TUYẾN VI NA

LIÊN HỆ

Địa chỉ: P402, 54A Nơ Trang Long, Phường 14, Q.Bình Thạnh, TP.HCM

Hotline: 093 303 0098

Email: support@tailieu.vn

Giấy phép Mạng Xã Hội số: 670/GP-BTTTT cấp ngày 30/11/2015 Copyright © 2022-2032 TaiLieu.VN. All rights reserved.

 

Đồng bộ tài khoản
2=>2