Bài giảng Đánh giá an toàn thực phẩm - GS.TS.BS. Lê Hoàng Ninh

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Bài giảng Đánh giá an toàn thực phẩm do GS.TS.BS. Lê Hoàng Ninh biên soạn giới thiệu tới các bạn những nội dung về nguyên tắc kiểm soát thực phẩm; đánh giá tiếp xúc chế độ ăn uống, chất độc hóa học và một số nội dung khác. Mời các bạn tham khảo.

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Nội dung Text: Bài giảng Đánh giá an toàn thực phẩm - GS.TS.BS. Lê Hoàng Ninh

Nguyên tắc kiểm soát thực phẩm (FAO/WHO, 2002) 1.Quan niệm từ nông trại đến bàn ăn 2. Phân tích nguy cơ - Đánh giá nguy cơ - Truyền thông nguy cơ - Quản lý/ xử lý nguy cơ 3. Transparency 4. Đánh giá tác động của luật lệ the costs of compliance to the food industry, as these costs are ultimately passed onto consumers
Recognition of the significant impact of food borne contaminants (poisonings, diseases etc) in terms of human suffering and economic costs to society and industry, combined with an increasing global food trade has underlined the need for a structured risk assessment
HACCP chỉ là is một phần trong tiến trình phân tích nguy cơ HACCP là công cụ quản lý nguy cơ chứ không là công cụ đánh giá nguy cơ RI SK ASSESSMEN T HAZARD I DENTI FI CATI ON HAZARD CHARACTERI ZATI ON EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT RI SK CHARACTERI ZATI ON RI SK MAN AGEM EN T RI SK EVALUATON OF COM MUN I CATI ON CONTROL OPTI ONS I NTERACTI VE SELECTI ON AND EXCHANGES OF I MPLEMENTATI ON OF OPI NI ON AND SELECTED OPTI ON I NFORMATI ON REGARDI NG RI SKS RI SK AN ALYSI S FRAMEW ORK ( Adapt ed from Benford, 2001)
Cod ex Alim entariu s Com m ission (CAC) A four step risk assessment framew ork HAZARD ID EN TIFICATION HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION EXPOSURE ASSESSMEN T RISK CHARACTERIZATION
RISK – a function of the probability of an adverse health effect and the magnitude of that effect, consequential to a hazard in food H AZARD – a biological (chemical or physical) agent in or property of food that has the potential to cause and adverse health effect
HAZARD = a biological, chemical or physical agent with the potential to cause an adverse health effect ( e.g. Salmonella could be in food and it could make someone ill) .............CODEX definition RISK = the likelihood of an adverse event (e.g. a consumer gets foodborne illness) and the severity of that event RISK ≠ HAZARD
PHÂN TÍCH NGUY CƠ ĐÁNG GIÁ NGUY CƠ – a process to scientifically evaluate the probability of occurrence and severity of known or potential adverse health effect resulting from human exposure to foodborne hazards XỬ LÝ NGUY CƠ– a process to weigh policy alternative in light of the results of risk assessment and, if required, to select and implement appropriate control option TRUYỀN THÔNG NGUY CƠ – a process to exchange information and opinions interactively among risk assessors, risk managers and other interested parties
WHAT KNOWLEDGE? • • • .. Yes or No WHY? Yes or No HOW? Yes or No WHY? WHAT INFORMATION ?
Renwick et al., 2003
A FourStep Risk Assessment Framework 1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION identification of biological/chemical agents that are capable of causing adverse health effects and may be present in a particular food or group of foods Information (biological, epidemiological etc) and expert knowledge on the link between a biological/chemical agent in a specific food and illness in consumers
2. HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION the qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation of the nature of the adverse effects associated with biological agents that may be present in food Dose response assessment – determination of the relationship between the numbers of the MO ingested (or the concentration of a microbial toxin) and the frequency and severity of defined adverse health effects resulting from ingestion
3. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT the qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation of the likely intake of the biological agent via a food Estimation of the probability of consumption and the amount of biological agent likely to be consumed. All sources of entry of the hazard into the food should be evaluated.
4. RISK CHARACTERIZATION the qualitative and/or quantitative estimation of the probability of occurrence and severity of known or potential adverse health effects in a given population based on hazard indentification, hazard characterization/doseresponse, and exposure assessment Combines all the information gathered to produce a statement of risk, also includes a summary of uncertainties and variability of the information used to derive the risk estimate
Decisions about hazards are essential to control, reduce, or eliminate requires definition of limits dictated by acceptable levels of risk. The notion of an “acceptable” or “tolerable” level of risk is a VALUELADEN concept that must be addressed by policy makers together with the public.