Báo cáo nghiên cứu nông nghiệp " Management of Phytophthora Diseases in Vietnamese Horticulture 1"

Chia sẻ: Nguyen Nhi | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:30

Thêm vào BST

Báo xấu

65
lượt xem 9
download

Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Lack of knowledge and understanding at the scientific, extension and farmer levels is the primary limitation to the effective management of Phytophthora diseases in Vietnam. The objectives of this project are to extend sustainable and effective disease control and management recommendations to a range of horticultural crops throughout Vietnam to reduce crop losses due to Phytophthora and to improve farmer incomes. Throughout the project, Vietnamese scientific and extension staff have developed and disseminated disease management information through extension and farmer training schools, participatory research, brochures, posters and technical notes. Extension tools and baseline surveys provided by the Vietnamese partners to...

Chủ đề:

Bình luận(0) Đăng nhập để gửi bình luận!

Lưu

Nội dung Text: Báo cáo nghiên cứu nông nghiệp " Management of Phytophthora Diseases in Vietnamese Horticulture 1"

Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development Management of Phytophthora Diseases in Vietnamese Horticulture CARD 052/04VIE MILESTONE 6 DISEASE MANAGEMENT: EXTENSION TOOLS AND MATERIALS July 2007 1
Table of Contents 1. Institute Information ___________________________________________________ 2 2. Project Abstract _______________________________________________________ 3 3. Issue ________________________________________________________________ 3 4. What has been done ____________________________________________________ 3 5. Impact _______________________________________________________________ 4 6. Suggestions for future work and improvement_______________________________ 6 7. Statutory Declaration ___________________________________________________ 6 8. Appendix I. Project Progress against Objectives, Outputs, Activities & Inputs______7 9. Appendix II. Details of extension training from FTRDC_______________________10 10. Appendix III. Extension posters, brochures and technical notes_________________63 11. Appendix IV. Baseline surveys conducted at FTRDC farmer workshops__________75 12. Appendix V. Assessment of the Extension Workshops_________________________78 1
1. Institute Information Management of Phytophthora Diseases in Project Name Vietnamese Horticulture National Institute of Plant Protection, Hanoi Vietnamese Institution Dr Nguyen Van Tuat Vietnamese Project Team Leader The University of Sydney Australian Organisation Professor David Guest Australian Personnel April 2005 Date commenced December 2006 Completion date (original) July 2007 Completion date (revised) Milestone 6 Reporting period Contact Officer(s) In Australia: Team Leader Professor David Guest (02) 9352.3946 Name: Telephone: Professor of Plant Pathology (02) 9351.4172 Position: Fax: Organisation The University of Sydney d.guest@usyd.edu.au Email: In Australia: Administrative contact Ms Luda Kuchieva (02) 9351 7903 Name: Telephone: (02) 9351 3256 Research Grants Position: Fax: Administration Officer Organisation The University of Sydney luda.kuchieva@usyd.edu.au Email: In Vietnam Dr Nguyen Van Tuat +84 4838 5578 Name: Telephone: Director +84 4836 3563 Position: Fax: Organisation National Institute of Plant Protection tuat@hn.vnn.vn Email: 2
2. Project Abstract Lack of knowledge and understanding at the scientific, extension and farmer levels is the primary limitation to the effective management of Phytophthora diseases in Vietnam. The objectives of this project are to extend sustainable and effective disease control and management recommendations to a range of horticultural crops throughout Vietnam to reduce crop losses due to Phytophthora and to improve farmer incomes. Throughout the project, Vietnamese scientific and extension staff have developed and disseminated disease management information through extension and farmer training schools, participatory research, brochures, posters and technical notes. Extension tools and baseline surveys provided by the Vietnamese partners to the Australian partners are hereby submitted to meet the targets of Milestone 6. 3. Issue Diseases caused by Phytophthora pathogens affect a wide range of fruit and vegetable crops in Vietnam, resulting in yield losses of up to 70%, with consequent economic losses. Many of the diseases can be managed effectively through improved farm management. Effective disease management is limited through a lack of knowledge and understanding of Phytophthora diseases at the scientific, extension and farmer levels. This project aims to improve smallholder productivity by improving the skills of relevant scientific and extension staff and their capacity to implement disease management options among farmers. 4. What has been done Details of how the project objectives have been met are presented in the log frame table in Appendix I. Following the initial scientific training workshops held in 2005, the Vietnamese scientific and extension staff have run extension training workshops and on-farm trials to develop and extend integrated disease management recommendations to farmers. This report includes extension materials that have been developed by some of the Vietnamese partners as part of this project. 4.1. Assessment of disease problems Disease problems on a range of different crops were assessed in the field by Australian experts to determine the likely cause of symptoms and to assess the severity of disease. Prior to this project, incorrect diagnosis has prevented implementation of appropriate disease management strategies. 4.2. Development of Training Manuals A Training Manual was developed and distributed at each workshop. The training manual includes all presentations from the workshops and additional information about Phytophthora diseases and their management taken from ACIAR Monograph 114. The manual has since been adapted by the Vietnamese partners for use in their own training workshops and copies have been submitted to the CARD PMU. These manuals have been submitted to the Project Management Unit with earlier progress reports. 3
4.3. Extension workshops Extension workshops for Provincial Plant Protection Subdivision (PPSD) staff have been organised and run by staff at NIPP-Hanoi, FTRDC-Hue and SOFRI-My Tho, Vietnam. These workshops disseminated disease management options to farmers in north, central and southern Vietnam. Presentations from extension training workshops held at FTRDC are presented in Appendix II. 4.4. Posters, brochures and technical notes NIPP and FTRDC developed extension materials for distribution to extension officers and farmers. These are included in Appendix III. 4.5. Baseline analyses Baseline data from farmer trials in the central provinces was provided by Mr Doan Nhan Ai at FTRDC (Appendix IV). Baseline information about the crops grown, disease incidence, current control practices, limitations and suggestions for disease management are provided. An analysis of one of the extension workshops organised by FTRDC-Hue is provided in Appendix V. 5. Impact 5.1. Training Manuals The Training Manuals developed during this project, along with background publications provided by the Australian experts, were distributed at each of the scientific and extension workshops. The manuals will provide a long-term reference for Phytophthora biology, disease aetiology and management options for the participants and farmers. 5.2. Scientific Training workshops Scientific Training workshops were conducted by Australian project staff in each of the three partner institutes in Vietnam. Workshops held at the beginning of the project provided the essential baseline information to enable Vietnamese staff to conduct the extension workshops and implement disease management options for the different target crops in each region. The final workshops enable project participants to present the results from the demonstration and farmer trials, and the development of future directions. 5.3. Extension workshops Extension workshops for Provincial Plant Protection Subdivision (PPSD) staff were organised and run by staff at NIPP-Hanoi, FTRDC-Hue and SOFRI-My Tho, Vietnam. Disease management options were disseminated to extension staff and farmers throughout Vietnam. The inclusion in the extension presentations of information and photos acquired by Mr Doan Nhan Ai (FTRDC) while on the horticultural study tour in Australia is indicative of the value of this tour in providing participants with new ideas and methods for disease management that they can apply in Vietnam. 5.4. Posters, brochures and technical notes Development of extension materials such as brochures and technical notes advance the dissemination of the disease management options developed throughout this project. 5.5. Visits by Australian experts 4
Scientific workshops held in each of the three regions always included several field trips by the Australian and Vietnamese project staff and collaborators. Hands on demonstration and identification of disease symptoms, in-field diagnosis and discussion and demonstration of integrated management practices were an important part of the project. These activities ensured correct diagnosis of the problem, exposure to farmers’ practices, and the presentation and application of potential management options. 5.6. Baseline analyses The Extension Training Workshops organised by the three Vietnamese partner institutions in this project extended the knowledge acquired in the Scientific Training Workshops run by the Australian partners to all levels in Vietnamese horticulture. Extension Training Workshops coordinated by NIPP, FTRDC and SOFRI trained over 80 extension personnel in Phytophthora biology, disease aetiology and a range of disease management options. Participants were taught to recognise disease symptoms and were presented with a range of sustainable and effective integrated management strategies. Farmers are now more aware of the causes of the symptoms in their crops, and have a better knowledge of the options available to them to manage their farm. New methods to control Phytophthora diseases have been adopted by farmers. These include planting seedlings on mounds, establishing ditches to improve drainage, mulching, intercropping and phosphonate trunk injection. Based on surveys conducted by FTRDC, participants were more confident of their understanding of disease management after attending the Extension workshops, (Figure 1). As would be expected, participants in the Extension Workshop organised by FTRDC ranked a range of factors as important causes of crop failure. The awareness of pests and diseases as a cause of crop failure increased following the workshop. Alternatively, the weather could have been more conducive to disease in that season, resulting in a greater increase in disease incidence and consequential increase in crop failure (Figure 2). The full analysis of the extension training workshop is presented in the final project report. 100 Firs t work s hop 90 Sec ond work s hop 80 70 Participants (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 No Below Average Good Excellent knowledge average Figure 1. Percentage of participants that described their current understanding of disease management as no knowledge, below average, average, good or excellent. Participants ranked their understanding of disease management higher after the second extension workshop. The data represents the mean of the combined answers from questionnaires conducted at the Extension Workshop organised by FTRDC. 5
100 Firs t workshop 90 Sec ond work s hop 80 70 Participants 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 W eather Managem ent Diseases & Lack of Water pes ts fertiliser Figure 2. The most important cause of crop failure according to participants of the Extension Workshop organised by FTRDC. The causes of crop failure varied. The awareness of pests and diseases as a cause of crop failure may have increased following the workshop. The data represents the mean of the combined answers from questionnaires conducted at the Extension Workshop organised by FTRDC. 6. Suggestions for future work and improvement 6.1.Because of the volume of information, extension training materials should be collated by the Vietnamese project leaders rather than by the Australian project leaders. The documents can then be more easily delivered to the PMU in Vietnam by the Vietnamese project team, rather than having to be sent to Australia first. 6.2.It is essential that training of extension staff and farmers continues in order to promote the understanding of diseases and the awareness of management options, and reduce disease incidence. 6.3.Disease management options should be extended to include other crops and other diseases. 6
Presentations prepared by FTRDC for Extension Workshops. The world of Phytophthora 7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19