Quan hệ thương mại Việt Nam - CHLB Đức trong những năm gần đây

Q U A N H E T H l f O N G M A I V I E T N A M - C H L B B L ' C<br /> <br /> T R O N G N H t f N G N A M G A N B A Y<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TS. Hoang Phuc L a m<br /> <br /> Hoc vien Chinh tri - Hanh chinh Khu virc I<br /> • • •<br /> Ths. Pham T h i T h u Hien<br /> <br /> THPT Cira Ong - Quang Ninh<br /> <br /> T h u c hien d u o n g l o i m o cira k i n h te, v d i cac n u d e E U . T o n g k i m ngach xuat nhap<br /> <br /> hoat dong t h u o n g m a i quoc te cua V i e t N a m khau ciia V i e t N a m v d i D u e l u o n chiem tren<br /> <br /> da co buoc phat trien v u g t bac va dong gop 2 0 % t o n g k i m ngach xuat nhap khau v d i cac<br /> <br /> to Ion vao qua t r i n h phat trien k i n h te. Thuc nude E U . N a m 2 0 0 9 , gia t r i xuat nhap khau<br /> <br /> te cho thay. t r o n g n h u n g nam dau the k i 2 1 , hang hoa V i e t N a m vao Dire c h i e m 2 3 %<br /> <br /> v o i su phat trien nhanh chong. t h u o n g m a i tong gia t r i xuat k h a u ciia V i e t N a m vao 27<br /> <br /> quoc te ciia V i e t N a m gop phan l a m thay d o i nude E U . D o n g t h d i V i e t N a m ciing la doi<br /> <br /> dien mao d d i song k i n h te xa h o i . m d ra co tac t h u o n g m a i cua Dire d k h u vuc Dong<br /> <br /> hoi m d i cho dat nude. N a m A . V d i v a i tro C h u t i c h A S E A N nam<br /> <br /> 2010. V i e t N a m dang dan khang d i n h m i n h o<br /> T r o n g so cac quoc gia va k h u vuc V i e t<br /> k h u vuc D o n g N a m A . T o n g k i m ngach xuat<br /> N a m co quan he t h u o n g m a i . L i e n minh<br /> nhap khau ciia D u e v d i V i e t N a m cung dang<br /> Chau A u ( E U ) la m o t t r o n g n h u n g t h i t r u o n g<br /> tang dan so v d i t o n g k i m ngach xuat nhap<br /> co y nghTa quan t r o n g k h o n g chi ve l g i i c h<br /> khau ciia Dire v d i A S E A N , tir 5% nam 2000<br /> k i n h te ma con ve muc tieu c h i n h t r i . quan<br /> len 1 1 % vao n a m 2 0 0 9 . M a c d i i do anh<br /> 1<br /> <br /> <br /> su. N h i r n g nam gan day. V i e t N a m da co<br /> h u d n g ciia suy t h o a i k i n h te toan cau khien<br /> nhieu no luc de thiet lap quan he t h u o n g m a i<br /> cho k i m ngach thuong m a i gitra Dire va<br /> v d i E L . m o t doi tac day t i e m nang va kho<br /> ?<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> A S E A N g i a m 8.848 t r i e u U S D (tir 51.316<br /> tinh. Day la k h u vuc m a V i e t N a m l u o n co<br /> t r i e u U S D x u d n g c d n 42.867 trieu U S D ) .<br /> ket d u t h u o n g m a i l d n . trai ngugc v d i t i n h<br /> n h u n g t i t r o n g k i m ngach xuat nhap khau cua<br /> hinh t h u o n g m a i c h u n g ciia V i e t N a m .<br /> Dire sang V i e t N a m v a n tang so v d i A S E A N<br /> D o i tac t h u o n g m a i l d n nhat cua V i e t<br /> nam 2009.<br /> N a m trong L i e n m i n h Chau A u la C H L B<br /> <br /> Due. T r o n g suot thap k i qua. tong k i m ngach<br /> <br /> xuat nhap khau g i u a V i e t N a m va D u e l u o n<br /> ' Tinh toan dira tren so lieu ciia Tong cue Th6ng ke<br /> giir v i t r i dau bang t r o n g trao d o i t h u o n g m a i<br /> CHLB Dire.<br /> Quasi hi tiuMag ttial Diet Qlajn.. 69<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Bieu dd 1:<br /> <br /> <br /> B I E U D O KTJVI N G A C H X U A T N H A P K H A U V A C A N<br /> CAN THlfONG M A I M E T N A M CHLB BIIC<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009<br /> <br /> -•—Vi$t Nam xuat vao Due - • - V i f t Nam nhap tir Due - * ~ C a n can thuongmai<br /> <br /> <br /> Nguon: Tong cue Hdi quan Viet Nam.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Bieu do 2:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Bieu do t i t r o n g x u a t k h a u cua Viet N a m v a o E U<br /> nam 2008 ,<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ha L a n<br /> 14%<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> > 7 ,<br /> Nguon: Tinh todn tic Tong cue Thong ke Viet Nam.<br /> 70<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Theo so l i e u cua T o n g cue T h o n g ke Hoat d o n g nhap k h a u ciia V i e t N a m tir<br /> <br /> V i e t X a m n a m 2008. D u e la t h i t r u o n g xuat Dire c i i n g l i e n tuc t r o n g t h a i gian qua. tang<br /> <br /> khau Ion t h i i 6 cua V i e t N a m sau MT. N h a t m a n h nhat U o n g hai n a m 2006 va 2007 (nam<br /> <br /> Ban. T r u n g Quoc. O x t r a y l i a va Singapore. 2006 tang 1 3 8 % so v o i nam 2005 va nam<br /> <br /> K i m ngach xuat khau eua V i e t N a m sang 2007 tang 143% so v o i n a m 2 0 0 6 ) . T6c do<br /> <br /> tang t r u o n g nhap khau ciia V i e t N a m trong<br /> Due ngay cang tang. Toe do tang t r u o n g<br /> t h a i gian tir nam 1999 den n a m 2009 cao hon<br /> b i n h quan hang nam la 12°o giai doan 1999 -<br /> toe do nhap k h a u hang hoa ciia V i e t N a m tu<br /> 2009. T u y nhien. toe do tang t r u o n g xuat<br /> Dire. N e u toe do tang t r u o n g t r u n g b i n h xuat<br /> khau b i n h quan hang nam t r o n g t h o i k i nay<br /> khau la 12% n a m t h i nhap khau cua Viet<br /> van cham h o n toe do tang t r u o n g b i n h quan<br /> N a m t u Due la 2 0 % . D i e u nay cung phii hop<br /> cua ca nuac ( 1 8 % ) . N a m 2008 gia t r i xuat<br /> v o i nhu cau cua V i e t N a m , co n h u cau nhap<br /> khau dat muc cao nhat. tren 2 t i U S D . nang<br /> may m o c . thiet b i h i e n dai phuc v u qua trinh<br /> tong k i m ngach t h u o n g m a i hai nuoc len tren<br /> cong nghiep hoa. h i e n dai hoa dat nuoc. co<br /> 5.5 t i U S D . Theo thong ke cua T o n g cue<br /> ban dua nuoc ta t r o thanh nuac cong nghiep<br /> Thong ke C H L B D u e . thue te xuat khau cua<br /> vao n a m 2020.<br /> M e t N a m vao Due con cao h o n nhieu, rieng<br /> T u y n h i e n , neu xet t i t r o n g xuat khau va<br /> xuat nam 200S da dat tren 3.5 t i U S D va<br /> nhap khau ciia V i e t N a m vao Dire so v o i ti<br /> tong k i m ngach xuat nhap khau gan 5 t i<br /> trong nhap k h a u va xuat khau ciia C H L B<br /> USD.<br /> D i i c t h i c h i c h i e m m o t t i le rat nho. Theo so<br /> Due ngay cang t r o thanh t h i t r u o n g xuat l i e u t h o n g ke ciia T o n g cue T h o n g ke C H L B<br /> khau quan t r o n g ciia V i e t N a m sang E U . Tir D i i c , nhap k h a u ciia V i e t N a m tir D i i c chi<br /> nam 1995. D u e thay the Phap t r o thanh t h i c h i e m 0.14% (nam 2009) so v o i t o n g gia tri<br /> t r u o n g xuat k h a u I o n nhat ciia V i e t N a m xuat k h a u ciia C H L B D i i c , con t i t r o n g xuat<br /> <br /> sang E U . T o n g gia t r i hang hoa cua V i e t khau cua Viet Nam vao Diic chi chiem<br /> <br /> X a m xuat sang Dire nam 2008 c h i e m tren 0,34% t i t r o n g nhap k h a u cua C H L B Dire.<br /> <br /> 19% k i m ngach xuat khau ciia V i e t N a m D o vay V i e t N a m xep t h i i 40 t r o n g so nhung<br /> <br /> sang 27 nude E U . tiep sau do la A n h ( 1 4 % ) . quoc gia xuat k h a u sang D i i c va t h i i 59 trong<br /> <br /> Ha L a n ( 1 4 , % ) , B i . Phap va Italia ( 9 % ) . . . so n h u n g quoc gia nhap k h a u tir C H L B D i i c .<br /> Quan he (huVng niai t t r<br /> Nguon: tinh todn tir so lieu Tong cue Thong ke CHLB Dire.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ciing v a i viec day m a n h xuat khau sang chi t i n h rieng 10 mat hang xuat khau chii luc<br /> <br /> thi truong D u e , V i e t N a m da dan h i n h thanh ciia V i e t N a m da c h i e m t a i 7 9 % tong gia t r j<br /> <br /> nhieu mat hang xuat khau chu luc, v o i k i m xuat khau sang Dire.<br /> <br /> ngach xuat khau l a n dap u n g n h u cau ngay<br /> N g u g c lai v o i nhirng mat hang V i e t N a m<br /> cang cao ciia hai ben. H i e n co khoang h o n<br /> xuat sang D u e co chua it ham l u o n g khoa hoc<br /> 230 mat hang v a n h o m hang V i e t N a m duoc<br /> k i thuat cong nghe cao, V i e t N a m nhap chii<br /> xuat khau vao D u e . N h i r n g mat hang co k i m<br /> yeu tir D u e may moc, thiet b i cong nghe hien<br /> ngach xuat khau l a n n h u : hang det may, giay<br /> dai, ngoai ra con co dugc pham, cac san pham<br /> dep, hang hai san, ca phe, go va cac san<br /> hoa chat, oto va l i n h k i e n p h u tiing oto, sat<br /> pham go, cac loai t u i xach, v i , v a l i , m u va 6<br /> thep cac loai, chat deo... T r o n g do, chi t i n h<br /> dii...<br /> rieng n h o m hang may moc thiet b i , dung cu<br /> X u a t khau c h i i y e u la cac mat hang va p h u tirng ( g o m may moc thiet b i phu tiing<br /> thuoc n h o m hang cong nghiep nhe va tieu cho cac nganh co k h i , thong t i n lien lac, xay<br /> thu cong nghiep ( 4 4 , 8 % ) , n h o m hang nong - dung, cong nghiep thuc pham, det may, giay,<br /> lam - thuy san ( 3 2 , 7 % ) va n h o m hang cong nhua, da g i a y . . . ) da c h i e m ted tren 5 0 % tong<br /> nghiep nang va khoang san. gia t r i nhap ciia V i e t N a m tir D i i c . M a t hang<br /> <br /> i i n chung, hang xuat khau cua V i e t t h i i hai dugc coi la nhap khau co gia t r i cao<br /> <br /> ip t r u n g vao m o t so mat hang chinh, t h i i hai Uong t o n g nhap la dugc pham, chidm<br /> 72 NGHIEN CLfU CHAU A U - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° 0 6 (129).2011<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 5,7%. Cac mat hang nhap con lai chi chiem V i e t N a m sang D i i c c i i n g n h u E U phai qua<br /> <br /> mot t i trong rat nho, ducri 5%. nuoc, lanh th6 t h i i ba nhu Hong Kong,<br /> <br /> Singapore hay H a n Quoc.<br /> Quan he thuong mai Viet Nam va<br /> CHLB Due t r o n g n h u n g n a m qua da co * Ca cdu hang xudt khau con chua hop<br /> <br /> nhieu buoc t i e n quan t r o n g , k i m ngach b u o n li<br /> <br /> ban hai chieu ngay cang tang, n h u n g ket qua<br /> Cac mat hang c o n g nghiep m i i c dp gia<br /> dat dupe la rat kha quan v a co y nghTa thiet<br /> cong che b i e n c o n thap, sir d u n g nhieu lao<br /> thuc. T u y nhien, neu n h i n tir phia V i e t N a m ,<br /> dpng. N a m 2009 b6 sung t h e m m p t so mat<br /> ben canh cac d o n g thai t i c h cue, m o t thuc te<br /> hang vao danh sach cac mat hang xuat khau<br /> la trong quan he nay dang n o i len m o t so v a n<br /> sang C H L B D i i c n h u : san p h a m tir sat thep,<br /> de dang l u u y:<br /> sat thep cac l o a i , p h u o n g t i e n v a n tai va phu<br /> * Xudt khau cua Viet Nam sang Dice tdng t i i n g , m a y m o c thiet b i d u n g c u p h u tiing<br /> trudng khdng dn dinh vd chua cao. khac. N g o a i ra, c h i i n g ta con xuat may v i<br /> <br /> T i n h k h o n g o n d i n h dupe the hien ro net t i n h , san p h a m d i e n tir v a l i n h k i e n , day dien<br /> <br /> trong tien t r i n h xuat khau ciia tirng mat hang va day cap d i e n . N h i n chung, cac mat hang<br /> <br /> ca ve so l u p n g c i i n g n h u gia t r i . cong nghiep xuat k h a u sang D i i c da dang<br /> <br /> h o n . V a c h i i n g ta c u n g g h i nhan da co sir<br /> * Chit yeu la xudt khau qua trung gian<br /> tang t r u o n g d cac m a t hang nay. T u y nhien,<br /> va hop ddng gia cdng.<br /> ve c o ban v a n c h i i y e u la cac mat hang lap<br /> Hoat d p n g xuat khau co nhieu h i n h<br /> rap.<br /> thiic: xuat khau true tiep, xuat khau thong<br /> C o n cac m a t hang n o n g - l a m - thuy<br /> qua cac h i n h thirc h p p tac k i n h te (dau t u ,<br /> san do c h i i y e u xuat 6 dang tho hoac m o i qua<br /> lien doanh, l i e n k e t . . . ) , xuat khau qua t r u n g<br /> so che nen chat l u p n g san p h a m thap, gia re<br /> gian va hpp dong gia cong.<br /> va b i e n d p n g m a n h theo gia t h i t r u d n g . V a n<br /> H i e n k h o n g co thong ke c h i n h xac ve<br /> con n h i e u san p h a m n o n g san ciia V i e t N a m<br /> ti trong ciia h i n h thirc xuat khau nay t r o n g<br /> do k h o n g dap u n g d u p e cac t i e u chuan ciia<br /> hoat dpng xuat k h a u ciia V i e t N a m sang<br /> E U nen chua the xuat khau.<br /> D i i c . t u y nhien qua tirng nganh hang xuat<br /> <br /> khau chii luc ciia V i e t N a m sang D u e ta co H i e n co t r e n h o n 230 n h o m nganh hang<br /> <br /> the danh gia dupe. O n g N g u y e n M i n h G o n , ciia V i e t N a m d u p e xuat vao Dire, n h u n g cac<br /> <br /> nguyen T h a m tan T h u o n g m a i V i e t N a m t a i mat hang co gia t r i tren 100 t r i e u U S D co 5<br /> <br /> Dire cho biet: T r e n thuc te, hang hoa V i e t n h o m hang, t r e n 50 t r i e u U S D co 7 n h o m<br /> <br /> N a m xuat khau vao Dire hien nay la may hang, tren 10 t r i e u U S D co 16 n h o m hang.<br /> <br /> mac va giay dep. n h u n g co t o i 8 0 % la hang R i e n g 10 n h o m mat hang xuat khau chii l u c<br /> <br /> gia cong. V a phan I o n hang xuat khau ciia ciia V i e t N a m la hang det may; giay dep cac<br /> QUOJL lie tliuoiuj ntai (Viet Qlani... 73<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> loai; hang hai san; ca phe; go va san p h a m C o n ca phe xuat k h a u c h i i yeu la ca phe<br /> <br /> go; t u i xach, v i , v a l i , rau va 6 d u ; san p h a m tho t a i 9 0 % , do vay gia thanh thap, p h u<br /> <br /> t u chat deo; san pham tir sat thep; p h u o n g thuoc vao xuat khau, h o n nua t h i t r u o n g ca<br /> <br /> tien van tai va p h u t i i n g ; m a y m o c thiet b i , phe the g i o i b i bao hoa, g i a m gia...<br /> <br /> dung cu p h u t i i n g khac c h i e m t o i 7 9 , 0 % t o n g<br /> N h u n g mat hang xuat k h a u " c h i i l i r e "<br /> gia t r i xuat khau cua V i e t N a m sang D u e<br /> dang gap n h i e u k h o khan. C h i n h sir g i a m sut<br /> (nam 2009). N e u c h i t i n h r i e n g 5 n h o m hang k i m ngach xuat k h a u qua cac n a m la do sir<br /> trong tong so h o n 230 n h o m nganh hang la g i a m siit ciia cac mat hang dugc g o i la chii<br /> det may; giay dep cac l o a i ; hang hai san; ca lire nay. D o vay, sir tap t r u n g cao do vao m o t<br /> phe; go va san p h a m go c i i n g da chilm so mat hang xuat k h a u chii lire k h i e n cho<br /> 64,8% tong gia t r i xuat k h a u ciia V i e t N a m xuat k h a u hang hoa cua V i e t N a m de b i t o n<br /> sang Due. t h u o n g k h i co n h u n g thay d o i k h o n g d u t i n h<br /> <br /> Viec lira chon cac n h o m nganh hang co dugc t r o n g c h i n h sach ciia D i i c n o i rieng v a<br /> <br /> the manh de xuat k h a u la quyet sach dung ciia E U n o i chung.<br /> <br /> dan v i chung ta k h o n g d i i lire de trai rong T u y nhien, tren c o so n h u n g thanh cong<br /> khap cho tat ca cac nganh hang. T u y nhien, da dat dugc va n h u n g hiia hen hgp tac co<br /> neu nhin lai n h u n g mat hang nay trong t h a i thien c h i ciia hai ben, cho phep chiing ta t i n<br /> gian qua t h i c h i i n g cung co n h u n g thang t u o n g lac quan ve m o t trien v o n g t u o i sang<br /> tram. Det m a y va giay dep c h i i yeu la hang trong quan he t h u o n g m a i V i e t N a m - C H L B<br /> gia cong nen h i e u qua k i n h te thap, dang Diic.<br /> diing truac su canh tranh m a n h me tren t h i<br /> Hoat dong t h u o n g m a i ciia V i e t N a m va<br /> truong, nhat la d o i v a i cac san pham ciia<br /> C H L B D i i c t r o n g n h u n g n a m t a i se chuyen<br /> Trung Quoc.<br /> sang t h a i k i m a i , gan l i e n v o i n h u n g bien d 6 i<br /> Hang hai san dua tren n g u o n nguyen k i n h te ciia ca hai n u a c cung n h u tac dong<br /> lieu san co do t h i e n n h i e n ban tang, n h u n g chung ciia qua t r i n h toan cau hoa va h o i nhap<br /> hang xuat van chii y e u la hang tho so, so che, k i n h te quoc te dang dien ra manh me. D o<br /> nhirng mat hang che bien sau va gia t r i gia hai nen k i n h te co n h i e u dac d i e m co thd b6<br /> tang con i t , ca cau k e m da dang, m a u m a sung cho nhau m a n g l a i l g i i c h cho ca hai<br /> kieu dang con d o n dieu. Theo q u i d i n h mod ben. V i e t N a m co n g u o n cung d o i dao cac<br /> ciia E U , mat hang nay con phai chung m i n h san pham t i e u d i m g t r o n g k h i D i i c co the<br /> dugc n g u o n goc t h u y san theo Luat I U U manh ve m a y m o c , thiet b i , cong nghe tien<br /> (illegal unreported and unregulated f i s h i n g ) tien nen quan he nay t r o n g t h o i gian t o i v a n<br /> b i t dau co hieu luc tir ngay 01/01/2010. tiep tuc co c o h o i de phat trien manh.<br /> 74<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> H i e n nay, hoat d o n g t h u o n g m a i g i u a cai t h i e n m o i t r u o n g k i n h doanh ciia V i e t<br /> V i e t N a m va C H L B D u e v a n chua phat huy N a m , nang cao siic canh tranh ciia cac doanh<br /> <br /> dugc het t i e m nang ciia hai ben. T o n g k i m nghiep V i e t N a m , phat t r i l n m a n h va co hieu<br /> <br /> ngach trao d o i t h u o n g m a i v o i D i i c mod c h i qua h o n nua cac doanh nghiep t u nhan, cac<br /> chiem m o t phan nho t r o n g k i m ngach t h u o n g doanh nghiep co q u i m o vira v a nho, t i c h cue<br /> <br /> m a i ciia D i i c . H a n g hoa V i e t N a m sang D i i c h p i nhap k i n h te quoc t e . . .<br /> chi c h i l m 0,34% t i t r o n g nhap khau cua D i i c<br /> D o v a y , quan he t h u o n g m a i V i e t N a m<br /> va mod chi co 0,14% hang hoa xuat ciia D i i c<br /> - CHLB D i i c se phat t r i e n tot dep, chat<br /> sang V i e t N a m . T r o n g k h i do t i e m nang xuat<br /> l u p n g v a h i e u qua cao, neu c h i i n g ta quyet<br /> khau cua V i e t N a m v a n h u cau nhap cua D i i c<br /> t a m cao d o i v d i t i e n t r i n h cai each va doi<br /> cung n h u n h u cau nhap hang hoa ciia V i e t<br /> m d i , v a tren c o s d do, t i m ra cac giai phap<br /> N a m tir D i i c con rat I o n .<br /> h p p l i v a h i e u qua.<br /> M o i quan he nay ngay cang v u n g chac<br /> M o t so g i a i p h a p c u t h e n h a m thiic<br /> k h i V i e t N a m va D i r e , cung n h u A S E A N v a<br /> day k i m ngach x u a t k h a u h a n g hoa cua<br /> E U deu dang to ro t h i e n c h i va quyet tam<br /> tang c u o n g m o i quan he chien luge. T a n g Viet N a m sang Dire va d i n h h u d n g nhap<br /> <br /> c u o n g m o i quan he t h u o n g m a i g i u a V i e t k h a u hang hoa Dire vao Viet N a m<br /> <br /> N a m va C H L B D i i c dap u n g dugc n h u n g l g i 1. Quan tdm, uu tien dau tu phat trien<br /> ich truoc mat v a lau dai ciia ca hai ben. H o n<br /> cdc mat hang xudt khau chu luc. Da dang<br /> nira, giua V i e t N a m va C H L B D i i c da co m o i<br /> hda cdc mat hang xudt khau.<br /> quan he tir kha lau, kha hieu biet la t i n t u o n g<br /> T h u c te, cac m a t hang xuat khau chii luc<br /> lan nhau, co n h i e u k i n h n g h i e m v u o t qua cac<br /> ciia V i e t N a m sang D i i c n h u det may, giay<br /> bat dong ciing n h u phat sinh... Dac biet, D i i c<br /> <br /> da, dang va se day m a n h h o n nua hoat dong dep, hai san, ca p h e . . . dang gap nhieu kho<br /> <br /> hgp tac k i n h te, t h u o n g m a i va m d r p n g t h i khan. M a t hang xuat k h a u c h i i luc la nhung<br /> <br /> t r u d n g xuat khau hang hoa ciia V i e t N a m . mat hang d u p e xac d i n h la co nhieu l o i the<br /> <br /> de xuat k h a u .<br /> M a t khac, m o i t r u o n g c h i n h u i - x a h p i<br /> ciia V i e t N a m va C H L B D i i c o n d i n h v a an B e n canh viec phat h u y cac mat hang<br /> toan. N i e m t i n g i u a hai c h i n h p h i i v a cac xuat khau c h i i l u c ciia V i e t N a m vao D i i c (det<br /> doanh nghiep ngay cang d u p e cung co. may, giay dep, hdi san, cd phe, go vd san<br /> <br /> T u y nhien, t i e m nang v a n c h i la t i e m pham go... ) t h i m p t so cac mat hang ciia V i e t<br /> <br /> nang neu hai ben k h o n g co n h u n g dieu c h i n h N a m n h u cac san p h a m may, tre, c o i , g 6 m sir,<br /> <br /> nhat d i n h t r o n g c h i n h sach n h a m tan d u n g do c h o i tre e m . . . D i i c l a i co n h u cau l d n , va<br /> <br /> nhung co h p i v a v u g t qua thach thuc. T h a c h cac mat hang nay lai k h o n g yeu cau cao vh<br /> <br /> thirc d o i V i e t N a m tap t r u n g d cac k h i a canh: t r i n h dp cong nghe va khat khe ve cac chi tieu<br /> Quuu lie tlmoiKj ami r<br /> ()iet Oleum... 75<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> k i thuat n h u cac mat hang thuc pham n h u hai nay. H o n nua, E U ngay cang gia tang ap<br /> <br /> san, ca phe... dung hang rao p h i thue quan ( y e u cau k i<br /> thuat, cac d i e u k i e n bao ve m o i t r u d n g , siic<br /> 2. Hoan thien ca che quan 11 xudt khau<br /> khoe n g u d i t i e u d u n g ) . . . D o la n h u n g t r d<br /> - Can nhan thuc r5 rang, doanh nghiep<br /> ngai cho cac doanh nghiep xuat khau nude<br /> phai nang cao v a i tro c h u d o n g cua m i n h<br /> ta. V i vay, cac doanh nghiep can co n h u n g<br /> trong t i m k i e m , t h a m nhap t h i t r u d n g , bao ve<br /> c h i n h sach v a chien l u o c cu de tham nhap<br /> va m a rong t h i phan h i e n co, phat t r i e n t h i<br /> vao t h i t r u d n g D i i c , c u n g n h u cac nude t r o n g<br /> truong m o i , dau t u t h a m nhap vao cac t h i<br /> L i e n m i n h Chau A u .<br /> truong kho t i n h h o n n h u E U . V a i tro ciia nha<br /> V e phia nha nude, cac ban nganh d cac<br /> nuoc dieu tiet v i m o , k h o n g trai v a i cac q u i<br /> dinh ciia W T O . t i n h dia p h u o n g :<br /> <br /> - Tang c u o n g v a i tro trach n h i e m ciia - T h a n h lap cac q u i ho t r o xuat khau. Sir<br /> cac hiep h o i nganh hang t r o n g to chuc hoat dung co hieu qua q u i ho t r o xuat khau de cac<br /> dong quan l i xuat khau, tranh t i n h trang cac<br /> doanh nghiep d u o c v a y v o n v d i l a i suat thap,<br /> doanh nghiep canh tranh, gianh t h i t r u o n g<br /> giai quyet duoc k h o k h a n ve v o n l u u dong va<br /> ciia nhau bang each ha gia ban san pham,<br /> v o n dau t u d o i m d i trang thiet b i .<br /> dan den g i a m chat l u o n g hang hoa, l a m xau<br /> di hinh anh t h u o n g m a i hang V i e t N a m . H i e p - T h u c h i e n l a i suat u u dai cho doanh<br /> hoi chinh la siic m a n h t o n g hop ciia cac nghiep vira va nho, k i n h doanh xuat khau<br /> doanh nghiep.<br /> sang D i i c co h i e u qua.<br /> <br /> - T r i e n k h a i m d r o n g h i n h thiic t i n dung<br /> - D o n gian hoa t h i i tuc v a y v o n va y e u<br /> xuat khau cho cac doanh nghiep. V i phan<br /> cau the chap tai san ciia ngan hang va cac t6<br /> dong cac doanh nghiep V i e t N a m co q u i m o<br /> chirc t i n dung.<br /> nho va t h i e u v o n , nen can tao dieu k i e n cho<br /> cac doanh nghiep co the tiep can dupe v d i 4. Ddy manh xuc tien thuong mai<br /> nguon v o n ciia N h a nude.<br /> Cac doanh nghiep co trach n h i e m t i l p<br /> 3. Hd trg vd khuyen khich xudt khau,<br /> can, phan t i c h , k h a i thac thong t i n , true tiep<br /> ndng cao khd ndng canh tranh cua hang<br /> va t h u d n g x u y e n tiep can v d i t h i t r u d n g the<br /> hda<br /> g i d i thong qua h o i t r o , h o i thao khoa hoc<br /> H i e n nay, hang xuat khau ciia V i e t N a m<br /> duoc to chuc t h u d n g x u y e n . D a y manh hoat<br /> phai c h i u su canh tranh gay gat v d i nhung<br /> dong M a r k e t i n g d l k i p t h d i nam bat t h i<br /> san pham ciing loai ciia A S E A N , Trung<br /> Qudc tren t h i t r u o n g D u e . C o n g nghe chinh t r u d n g , bam sat va t i l p can dupe t i l n bp ciia<br /> <br /> la -i to then chot t r o n g cuoc canh tranh cac doanh nghiep ban t r o n g san xuat va k i n h<br /> 76 NGHIEN CLfU CHAU A U - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° 0 6 (129).2011<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> doanh, t i m d o i tac k i ket h o p dong xuat khau 7. Thu hut FDI tie Due<br /> <br /> hang hoa. Cho d i n nay, dau t u n u d e n g o a i van<br /> <br /> B e n canh do cac doanh nghiep can t i c h dong v a i tro quan t r g n g t r o n g hoat d o n g xuat<br /> <br /> cue tham gia h o i t r o D u e tai D u e . V i D u e la k h a u ciia n u d e ta. D e day m a n h xuat khau<br /> <br /> quoc gia dugc danh gia hang dau ve to chuc sang D i i c , c h i i n g ta nen co n h u n g c h i n h sach<br /> <br /> t i c h cue t h u hut cac nha dau t u den t u C H L B<br /> h o i t r g trien l a m nen viec t h a m gia h o i t r g<br /> <br /> k h o n g c h i co y nghTa 6 t h i t r u d n g D u e m a ca D i i c , dac biet la can k h u y e n k h i c h h i n h thiic<br /> <br /> l i e n doanh san xuat hang hoa xuat khau. Ben<br /> d t h i t r u d n g chau A u v a the g i d i .<br /> canh viec k i ket cac h o p d o n g dai han, can<br /> 5. Khai thdc tiem ndng cua cpng ddng<br /> tranh t h i i cac h g p d o n g ngan han, cac giao<br /> ngudi Viet Nam d Dure<br /> keo d o n le v d i n h u r i g san p h a m doc dao ciia<br /> H i e n nay, co h o n 100.000 n g u d i V i e t lang nghe.<br /> N a m dang sinh song va l a m viec tai D u e . H o<br /> Tom lai, m o i quan he g i u a V i e t N a m va<br /> co dong gop quan t r g n g d o i v d i viec tang<br /> C H L B D i i c n o i r i e n g v d i E U n o i chung dang<br /> c u d n g su hieu biet lan nhau giua nhan dan v a<br /> phat t r i e n rat tot dep. K i m ngach b u o n ban<br /> chinh p h u hai nude. D a y la m o t nguon luc<br /> giua hai ben l i e n tuc tang t r o n g t h d i gian<br /> rat tot m a chung ta can phat huy. So n g u d i<br /> qua, dieu do k h a n g d i n h V i e t N a m ngay cang<br /> V i e t N a m dang b u o n ban tai D u e chiem m o t<br /> co v i t r i quan t r g n g d o i v d i D i i c . D o n g t h d i<br /> ti le kha dong va cung rat nhieu n g u d i t r o n g<br /> v d i C H L B D i i c , V i e t N a m cung la d o i tac<br /> so ho thanh cong tren con d u d n g nay. D a y<br /> quan t r g n g t r o n g A S E A N . T r o n g qua trinh<br /> chinh la lire l u g n g dua san p h a m hang hoa<br /> phat t r i e n quan he g i u a hai nude v a n con ton<br /> cua V i e t N a m vao t h i t r u d n g D u e , la cau n o i<br /> tai m o t so n h u n g k h o khan. B a t chap rihung<br /> cho hoat dong xuat k h a u cua nude ta.<br /> k h o k h a n do, d u d i su tac d o n g ciia toan cau<br /> 6. Dinh hudng nhdp khau hoa, h o i nhap k i n h te quoc te ciing nhu<br /> <br /> N h a nude nen co c h i n h sach d i n h h u d n g n h u n g c h u y e n b i e n ve k i n h te ciia V i e t N a m<br /> <br /> viec nhap khau cong nghe, thiet b i t u D i i c trong t h d i gian qua, d o n g t h d i dugc su quan<br /> <br /> nham tao thuan l g i cho viec xuat khau hang t a m ciia c h i n h p h i i hai ben, c h i i n g ta hoan<br /> <br /> hoa. Qua do, c h u n g ta v u a co cong nghe h i e n toan co c o sd de t i n t u d n g rang quan he<br /> <br /> dai, san xuat ra cac san p h a m dap u n g y e u t h u o n g m a i hai ben se tiep tuc phat t r i e n len<br /> <br /> cau khat khe ciia E U v a D i i c , dong t h d i g i a m t a m cao m d i , gop phan dua V i e t N a m thanh<br /> <br /> bdt t i n h trang xuat sieu ciia nude ta t r o n g cong nhanh c h o n g t r o n g cong cuoc cai each,<br /> <br /> t h u o n g m a i v d i D i i c m a hien nay D i i c l u o n hoan thanh ke hoach t r d thanh n u d e c o n g<br /> <br /> gay siic ep d o i v d i nude ta. nghiep vao n a m 2020.<br />