Quan hệ thương mại giữa Việt Nam và các quốc gia mới gia nhập EU từ năm 2004 đến nay

Quan he thiFO'ng mai giOa Viet Nam va cac<br /> quoc gia mai gia nhap EU tiF nam 2004 den nay<br /> <br /> OONG THI THUY LINH<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Cdc qudc gia mdi gia nhdp EU (NMS) hdu hit Id cdc bgn hdng truyen thdng cua Viet<br /> Nam, timg gdn bd trong nhiiu thdp ky: tdn tgi cua Hdi ddng Tuang trg Kinh te (SEV).<br /> Tuy nhien, sau khung hoang kinh te chinh tri a Ddng Au. Lien Xd sup dd. khdi SEV<br /> gidi the. quan hi Viet Nam vdi cdc nudc ndy chuyen sang giai dogn hgp tdc tren ca so'<br /> kinh ti thj tncdng. Nhicng ndm ddu, mdi quan hi ndy giam siit nghiem trgng chu yeu vi<br /> nhicng khd khdn kinh te do khung hoang gdy ra. cimg su thay ddi muc tieu vd ca chi<br /> hgp tdc. Nhicng ndm sau ndy, mdi quan hi ndy dd tieng budc dugc khdi phuc. Tuy<br /> nhien. kim nggch thicang mgi giica Viet Nam vd cdc nicdc ndy cdn nhd. chua ticang<br /> xicng vdi tiem ndng vd nhu cdu hgp tdc ciia hai phia. Viic cdc nudc Ddng Au gia nhdp<br /> EU se tgo ra su ndng ddng mdi, cdc nudc ndy se cd dieu kien quan tdm nhiiu han den<br /> mdi quan hi truyen thdng trudc ddy.<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. Thuc trang quan he thuong mai giira nhung ban hang ehu yeu van la Ba Lan, See,<br /> Viet Nam vdi cac quoc gia mdi gia nhap EU Slovakia, Hungari, Bungari, Rumani.<br /> 1.1 Quy mo, ty trgng xudt Bieu do 1: Kim ngach xuat nhap khau Viet Nam - NMS<br /> nhdp khdu vd eg cdu thf trudng<br /> - Quy md vd ty trgng xudt<br /> D Trieu USD<br /> nhdp khdu<br /> 4000 -<br /> Trong nhung nam qua, quan he = »359 4<br /> 3500 -<br /> thuong mai giua Viet Nam vdi -<br /> 3000 -<br /> cac qudc gia mdi gia nhap EU 2500<br /> (NMS) khdng ngimg phat trien,<br /> 2000<br /> dac biet la sau kbi cac nude nay<br /> 1500 -<br /> gia nhap EU. Kim ngach thuong 1149,8<br /> 1000 794.5<br /> mai hai chieu tang gan 16 lin tir 232,9 206,5 288.8 295,4 346,9 509<br /> 500<br /> nam 2001 (232,9 trieu USD) din<br /> nam 2009 (3659,4 trieu USD). Hien 0 - n n n n n<br /> nay, Viet Nam ed quan he budn ban 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009<br /> <br /> vdi tit ca 12 nude thanh vien mdi<br /> Nguon: Tdc gia tir linh todn dua iheo so lieu cua Tong cue Thong ke.<br /> Iheo gid tri xudt nhdp khdu hdng hoa phdn iheu nirdc. khoi nude vd vung<br /> * Vien Nghien ciiu chau .\u lanh tho. http://www.gso.gov.vn<br /> <br /> <br /> NhOng vin di KINH i t VA CHJNH TRj IHt GIQI Sd 3(167)2010<br /> 29<br /> Quan he thuong mai giira Viet Nam va cae quoc gia... Ddng Thj ThuyJ-inj?<br /> <br /> Nhin chung. tir khi gia nhap EU, kim kim ngach nhap khau hang hda nam 2009<br /> ngach xuit khiu (KNXK) ciia Viet Nam tang 826,7% so vdi nam 2008. Trong quan<br /> sang NMS va kim ngach nhap khau hang he thuong mai hai chieu, Viet Nam chu yeu<br /> hda ciia Viet Nam tii' cac nude nay ed xu xuat sieu duy nhit nam 2009, kim ngach<br /> hudng tang len. Tuy nhien nam 2009, kim nhap khau tir cac nudc nay ldn hon kim<br /> ngcich xuit khau giam 19,7% so vdi nam ngach xuat khiu. Ty trong hang hda xuat<br /> 2008. Mac dii, Chinh phu cimg cac nganh, nhap khau ciia Viet Nam vdi cac nude NMS<br /> cae cip va doanh nghiep da cd gang eai so vdi tdng kim ngach xuat nhap khau vdi<br /> thien tinh hinh, gdp phan tc^ng nhanh khdi toan EU van edn rat thap. Dieu dd chiing td,<br /> lugng hang boa xuSt khau, nhung do gia ca ta van tap trung khai thac nhirng tbi trudng<br /> giam nen kim ngach xuat khau van chua eu ma chua chii trong den thj trudng cae<br /> tcing truong so vdi nam 2008. Tuy nhien. nudc mdi gia nhap.<br /> <br /> Bdng 1: Kim ngach va t\ trong xuat khau hang hoa ciia Viet Nam sang NMS (2001 - 2009)<br /> Don vi: trieu USD<br /> <br /> KNXK sang cac nuoc Ty trong KNXK KNNK ciia VN tu cac Ty trong KNNK<br /> N.MS (EIT 2) sang EIT2/ nu-dc NMS (EUl2) tir EUl2/<br /> Nam KNXK hang hoa KNNK hang<br /> ciia N'iet Nam Trj Gia Tang % hoa ciia Viet<br /> Trj gia Tang %<br /> sang Ell (%) Nam til EU (%)<br /> <br /> 2001 166,2 25,3 0,06 66,7 0,044<br /> <br /> 2002 158,2 -4,8 0,05 48,3 -27,5 0,026<br /> <br /> 2003 171,8 8,6 0,04 117 142,2 0,047<br /> <br /> 2004 199,9 16,3 0,04 95,5 -18,3 0,035<br /> 2005 231,1 15,5 0,04 115,8 21,2 0,044<br /> 2006 370,1 60,1 0,05 138,9 19,9 0,044<br /> 2007 583,8 57,7 0,07 210,7 60,5 0,043<br /> 2008 826.5 41,5 0,08 323,3 44,9 0,059<br /> 2009 663,4 -19,7 0,07 2.996,1 826,7 0,06<br /> <br /> Nguon: Tdc gia tic tinh todn dua theo so lieu cua Tdng cue Thdng ke.<br /> T\- trong hang hda xucit nhclp khiu cua Viet trudng NMS. Trong do. Sec, Ba Lan va<br /> Nam sang eac nude NMS so vdi tdng kim ngach Hungari la nhung thj trudng cd quan be chii ylu<br /> hang hda xuat nhcip khciu vdi toan EU van cdn rit vdi ta, chiem tren 75% tdng kim ngach xuit<br /> thclp. Dieu dd chimg to, ta vin tap trung khai thac nhap khau. Ba Lan la thi trudng quan trong<br /> nhung tbi trudng cu ma chua chii trong din cac nhat, chiem ty trong kha cao, ed nam gin 45%<br /> thj trudng cae nude md-i gia nhap. Tuy nhien, hien nhu nam 2006, 2008. Hau bet cac mat hang xuit<br /> nay ty trong nay dang cd xu hudng tc^ng len. khau ehii lire ciia ta deu cd mat o thi trirdng nay.<br /> Ba qudc gia la Bungari, Rumani, Slovakia chilm<br /> - Co' can thi tncdng:<br /> t\' trong tuong ddi gidng nhau va dang cd xu<br /> _ Giai docin 2000 - 2009 LT giai doan Viet Nam hudng tang len. Dac biet la Slovakia, ty trong<br /> bat dau thiim nhap mot Ccich cd quy md vao thi nam 2008 da gap hon 4 Ian nam 2001.<br /> <br /> <br /> 30 NhOng vin di KINH T ^ VA C H I ' N H TR! T H ^ GICTI Sd 3(167) 2010<br /> P ^ n g j h j Thuy Linh Quan he thuong mai giO-a Viet Nam va eac qudc gia ..<br /> <br /> <br /> Bdng 2: Kim ngach xuat nhap khiu hang hoa ciia Viet Nam sang thi trudng<br /> cac quoc gia NMS (2000 - 2009)<br /> Don \I: trieu USD<br /> <br /> S Nam<br /> T 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009<br /> Thj truong<br /> T<br /> <br /> 1 Gia tri 97,7 82,1 121,6 121,1 129 217,9 330.5 382,7 185,3<br /> Ba Lan<br /> Ty trong (%) 42 40 42 41 37 43 41 44 27.9<br /> <br /> 2 Gia tri 46,5 48,4 53,2 57,2 64,9 92,1 125,1 156,2 117,9<br /> Sec<br /> Ty trong (%) 20 23 18 19 19 18 16 18 17,7<br /> <br /> 3 Gia tri 7,28 9 9,6 11,7 13,8 25,7 73,8 114,2 89,8<br /> Slovakia<br /> Ty trong (%) 3 4 3 4 4 5 9 13 13,5<br /> <br /> 4 Gia tri 10,1 12,4 34,5 26,5 25,9 27,9 41,3 90,3 76,6<br /> Rumani<br /> Ty trong (%) 4 6 12 9 7 5 5 10,3 11,5<br /> 5 Gia tri 17 10,2 13,2 10,5 16,9 28,9 46,1 91,2 41,3<br /> Bungari<br /> Ty trong ("/,) 7 5 5 4 5 6 6 10,4 6,2<br /> 6 Gia trj 31,7 35,2 37,3 38 45,5 58,6 91,6 113,4 62,5<br /> Hungari<br /> Ty trong (%) 14 17 13 29 13 12 11 13 9,4<br /> <br /> Nguon: Tri gid xudt khdu hdng hoa phdn theo nirdc, khoi nirdc vd vimg lanh thd, http://www.gso.gov.vn<br /> Tri gid nhdp khdu hdng hoa phdn theo nirdc. khoi nudc vd vimg lanh tho. http://www.gso.gov.vii<br /> Kim nggch xudt nhdp khdu phdn theo niiuc, khdi nirdc vd vung lanh thd ndm 2008. 2009. http://^\•ww.g.so.gov.vn<br /> <br /> 1.2 Co' cdu mgt so mat hdng xudt khdu chinh nhirng tieu chuan ve sinh an toan thirc pham<br /> Trong cac mat hang xuat khau chinh ciia het sire nghiem ngat. Trudc thuc trang dd, cae<br /> Viet Nam sang NMS, thiiy bai san, det may, doanh nghiep Viet Nam cung xac dinh nang<br /> giay dep, ea phe, san pham gd... chiem ty cao chat lugng san pham de dap irng tieu<br /> trong ldn. chuan eiia EU. Vi the, ngay cang nhieu doanh<br /> - Hdng thiiy san ciia Viet Nam hien da ed nghiep xuat khau thiiy san Viet Nam dugc EU<br /> mat tai 27 nude EU. Kim ngach xuit khiu cdng nhan dat chuan (mdi day EU vira cdng<br /> thiiy san nam 2008 chilm 6,1% tdng kim nhan them 25 doanh nghiep, nang tdng sd<br /> ngach xuat khau sang cae nudc NMS (xem doanh nghiep dii tieu chuan len thanh 269).<br /> Bang 3). Tuy nhien, thdi gian qua, mot sd mat Theo phan tich ciia nganh thiiy san, xu hudng<br /> hang thiiy san Viet Nam bj EU canh bao vl an tieu dimg ciia the gidi ngay cang nghieng \'e<br /> toan thuc pham nhu tdm ddng lanh cd du bang thiiy san vi tinh chat an toan, chat lugng,<br /> lugng khang sinh cao, dan den viec xuit khiu gia ca phii hgp. Dac biet, trong nhung nam tdi<br /> thiiy san sang 12 nudc EU mdi nay se gap day, nhu cau nhap khau thiiy san ciia EU se<br /> nhilu khd khcin do eac nudc nay cung ap diing tang rat cao do ban ngach khai thac da bi xda bo.<br /> <br /> <br /> NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHINH TRj THE GIQI Sd 3(167) 2010<br /> 31<br /> Quan he thuong mai giira Viet Nam va cae qudc gia. Ddng Thj Thuy Ljnh<br /> <br /> <br /> Bdng 3: Kim ngach xuat khau mot so mat hang chu yeu ciia Viet Nam sang NMS<br /> Don vi: trieu USD<br /> <br /> Nam 2007 Nam 2008<br /> <br /> STT Mat hang Thj Ty trong/ Ty trong/thj<br /> Thi tru'dng<br /> trudng thi trirdng trirdng<br /> EU12<br /> EU12 EU12(%) EUl2 (%)<br /> 1 Thiiy san 118,743 20,34 50,407 6,10<br /> 2 Det may 109,845 18,82 117,465 14,22<br /> 3 Ca phe 63,535 10,88 56,564 6,85<br /> 4 May vi tinh, linh kien dien tu 47,842 8,19 93,08 11,3<br /> 5 Giay dep cac Ioai 43,072 7,37 49,980 6,04<br /> 6 My an lien 13,022 2,23 18,473 2,24<br /> 7 Than da 12,572 2,15 17,119 2,07<br /> 8 San pham gd 11,497 1,97 36,158 4,37<br /> 9 Hat tieu 10,234 1,75 10,955 1,32<br /> 10 Cao su 9,827 1,68 13,152 1,59<br /> Nguon: Tdc gia tu tinh todn dim theo sd lieu mdt sd mat hdng xudt khdu phdn theo mdt sd nudc vd<br /> rung Idiih thd chu yen so' bd nam 2007, 2008 cua Tdng cue Thdng ke.<br /> Tuy nhien, tir 1/1/2009, Quy dinh lUU' cua - Kim nggch dit may eiia Viet Nam xuat<br /> EU cd hieu lire, chac chan se la trd ngai ldn cho khau sang cac nudc NMS tang tir 65 trieu nam<br /> nhieu doanh nghiep thuy san Viet Nam. Quy 2001 len 117,465 trieu nam 2008 (.xem Bang 3).<br /> dinh nay nham ngan chan va xda bd cae hoat Trong sd eac nudc nay, Viet Nam da tham nhap<br /> ddng khai thac thuy san bat hgp phap, khdng vao dugc thi trudng Ba Lan, Bungari, Estonia,<br /> bao cao, va khdng theo quy dinh tir cac nudc Latvia, Rumani, See, Slovakia va Slovenia. Tuy<br /> thir 3, ap dung cho eac mat hang thiiy san xuit nhien, phan ldn eac edng ty det may ciia Viet<br /> khau sang EU. Nhieu doanh nghiep, mac dii da Nam san xuat theo hinh thuc gia cdng, phan ldn<br /> nam dugc quy dinh nay tir vai nam trudc nhung la qua khau trung gian. Theo cac chuyen gia Vu<br /> cho den thdi diem can ke ngay ed hieu lire cung Xuat nhap khau - Bd Cdng thuong, cac qude<br /> \an chua tim ra giai phap khac phuc. Dii khdng gia tren cd nhieu thi trudng "ngach", mirc song<br /> ai mudn, nhung chcic chin viec xuit khiu thiiy va nhu cau hang det may da dang tii' hang phim<br /> san sang EU cua Viet Nam se bi lUU kim cbl d cap thap den hang chat lugng cao, phii hgp vdi<br /> mot mirc dd nao dd. nang luc san xuat nhieu thanh phan ciia Viet<br /> Nam. Hien nay, mot sd cdng ty ciia ngudi Viet<br /> ' Theo Qiiy dinh lUU, cac 16 hang ihuy san kill xuiit khSu van dang tich cue kinh doanh hang det may tai<br /> vao thi truong EtJ phai co thong tin va cac tau khai thi trudng Ddng Au, nhimg vai nam gin day hg<br /> thac, ten chu tau. phuong tien danh bat, vimg biSn khai chuyin sang nhap khau tir Trung Qudc, Thai<br /> thac, ioai san phcim va trong luong, giSy bao chuygn<br /> hansi tren bien... Lan. Thd NhT Ky chii' khdng phai tir Viet Nam<br /> <br /> <br /> 32 NhOng van di KINH it VA CHINH TRj TH^ GIQI Sd 3(167) 2010<br /> Ddng Thj Thuy Linh Quan he thuong mai giLra Viet Nam va cac qude gia<br /> <br /> <br /> nhu trudc nira. Hon nira, nam 2008, EU cung Tir 17/7/1995, kbi Viet Nam va EU ky ket<br /> bai bd ban ngach det may cho Trung Qudc va se Hiep dinh khung hgp tac mat hang giay dep,<br /> ap dung mdt he thdng giam sat "kilm tra kep" giay dep Viet Nam duge xuat khau tu do vao thi<br /> de theo ddi viec cip phep xuit khau bang det trudng EU, khdng bi ap dung han ngach va<br /> may tai Trung Qudc va viec nhap khau mat duge hudng che do uu dai thue quan phd cap<br /> hang nay vao EU. Rd rang tir nam 2008, xuit (GSP) la 3,5%) thap hon thue quan ap dung ddi<br /> khau ciia Trung Qudc se thuan lgi bon. Do do, vdi nudc thir 3. Nam 2009, xuat khau giay dep<br /> cac nudc xuat khiu det may se khdng de dang gap khd khan chu yeu do mat hang nay khdng<br /> tang thi phan tai EU, bdi phai canh tranh gay edn dugc hudng uu dai thue quan phd cap vi<br /> gat hon vdi bang Trung Qude vdn ed nang lire neu bai bd GSP, binh quan mdi ddi giay dep ciia<br /> canh tranh Idn do chu ddng dugc nguyen lieu Viet Nam phai chiu them thue nhap khau vao<br /> va cd kha nang dap ung nhieu Ioai pham cap EU tir 3,5 - 5%. Lgi thi canh tranh ve gia ciia<br /> hang hda. Viet Nam se giam so vdi eac nude dang dugc<br /> hudng GSP trong khu vuc. Song, nhu cau giay<br /> - Giay dep eiia Viet Nam xuat khau sang cac dep d EUl5 va cac nudc NMS rat ldn do day la<br /> nudc thanh vien mdi gia nhap EU trong thdi vimg cd khi hau ban ddi, miia lanh keo dai. Vi<br /> gian qua chua dang ke. Kim ngach ehi chilm vay, Viet Nam cd dieu kien thuan lgi de md<br /> 2% trong tdng kim ngach xuat khau giay dep rdng thj trudng xuat khau vao EU27. Trong thdi<br /> eiia Viet Nam vao toan bd 27 nudc EU (xem gian tdi, viec tang dugc kim ngach hay khdng<br /> Bdng 3). Ben canh dd, chiing ta ehu yeu xuat hoan toan phii thudc vao chat lugng san pham,<br /> khau theo hinh thirc gia cdng cho ban hang mau ma, va nang lire marketing cua cae doanh<br /> nudc ngoai va xuat khau qua trung gian nen nghiep Viet Nam.<br /> hieu qua thirc te rat thap. Vi gia cdng theo don<br /> dat hang va san xuat theo quy trinh ky thuat - Dd gd xuat khau ciia Viet Nam vao NMS<br /> nhap khau nen eac doanh nghiep hoan toan bi hien dang duge hudng GSP vdi mire thue suat<br /> ddng ve mau ma, phu thudc vao quy trinh san 0% (mdt sd mat hang chiu thue 2,1%) da giup<br /> xuat cung nhu thi trudng tieu tbu. Cai khd cua Viet Nam cd mdt lgi the nhat dinh kbi chen<br /> doanh nghiep Viet Nam d chd, neu tham gia thi chan vao thj trudng EU so vdi Trung Qudc,<br /> trudng giay dep chat lugng eao thi khdng canh Indonesia... do cac nude nay khdng dugc<br /> tranh dugc vdi san pham ciia chinh qudc nhu hudng GSP. Nam 2008, san pham gd xuat khau<br /> Anh, Phap, Dire... cdn san pham cap thap, chat sang NMS da dem ve cho Viet Nam khoang<br /> lugng trung binh thi khdng canh tranh duge vdi 36,158 trieu USD. Tuy nhien, dd gd Viet Nam<br /> san pham hang loat tir Trung Qudc. Do vay, edn mac mdt sd nhugc diem nhu: thieu dau tu'<br /> doanh nghiep Viet Nam thdi gian qua huge phai cho san xuat tir mau ma den chat lugng, nghien<br /> chgn hudng gia cdng cho cae ddi tac tir EU ma ciru thi trudng kem hieu qua, ngudn cung nguyen<br /> chua cd nhieu san pham giay true tiep vao thi lieu va phan phdi chua ddng bd... Ngoai ra, cac<br /> doanh nghiep Viet Nam ndi chung, nganh gd ndi<br /> trudng nay. Neu keo dai tinh trang nay, khi EU<br /> rieng chua lien ket lai de tao sue canh tranh vdi cac<br /> xda bd che do uu dai tdi hue qudc, san pham<br /> ddi thii nude ngoai. Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam<br /> giay dep ciia Viet Nam se khdng the gianh phan<br /> can khae phuc cac nhugc diem nay neu mudn giir<br /> thang trong canh tranh vdi cac san phim cimg<br /> tbi trudng nay lau dai. Tuy nhien, tuong lai Viet<br /> Ioai eiia Trung Qude cung nhu cac nude<br /> Nam ed kha nang trd thanh nudc ed nganh che<br /> ASEAN khac.<br /> bien gd canh tranh nhat trong khu vuc boi gia<br /> lao ddng re va ngudi lao ddng het sue kheo leo<br /> trong xir Iy gd. Cac doanh nghiep san xuat go<br /> <br /> <br /> NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHINH 1R\ IHt GIQI Sd 3(167) 2010<br /> 33<br /> Quan he thuong mai giCra Viet Nam va cac qudc gia... Ddng Thj ThiJy Linh<br /> <br /> <br /> Viet Nam dang nang cao trinh do, ed the dap Ngoai ra, vdi tu each la thanh vien EU, cac<br /> img cac yeu ciu kbit khe eiia thi trudng nay. nudc NMS diu ed nghTa vii thuc hien hd trg<br /> Chinh vi tbi, mat hang nay duge danh gia cd phat trien ODA ra ben ngoai. Viet Nam ed the<br /> tiem nang phat trien. tan dung co hdi nay vdi tu each la ban hang<br /> chien lugc dugc uu tien d chau A cua nhieu<br /> 2. Co' hoi va thach thiic<br /> nude thanh vien mdi. Hon nira, trong cac tuyen<br /> 2.1 Cahgi bd gan day, cac nudc Ddng Au deu khang dinh<br /> Viet Nam la ddi tac uu tien chien lugc ciia chau<br /> Thic nluit, EU mo rdng se tcio thi trudng<br /> A trong chinh sach ODA ciia hg.<br /> thdng nhit chung ciia 27 nudc thanh vien. Vdi<br /> viec ap dung chinh sach thuong mai va thue Thic ba, eo cau hang hda xuat nhap khau ciia<br /> quan chung vdi ben ngoai, cae thii tiic xuat nhap Viet Nam va eac nudc thanh vien mdi khdng bi<br /> khau vdi thi trirdng 12 nudc thanh vien mdi se canh tranh Ian nhau trong quan he vdi cac nude<br /> don gian hon. Nhin chung, mirc thue eiia eac thanh vien cir ma ngugc lai cdn ed the bd sung<br /> nudc mdi gia nhap EU cao ban nhieu so vdi cho nhau. Dieu nay tao thuan lgi rat ldn cho<br /> mirc thue quan ciia EU. Khi da la thanh vien viec md rdng kim ngach xuat nhap khau ciia<br /> chinh thire ciia EU, cae nude nay phai giam Viet Nam ca vdi thanh vien eii va mdi. Cac<br /> thue quan bang mirc thue quan ciia ea khdi. qude gia NMS la nhirng nude cd nen cdng<br /> Trudc day, thue nhap khau hang cdng nghiep nghiep kha phat trien, vdi eac nganh miii nhgn<br /> vao eac nude nay la tir 0 - 42%, trung binh la 10 nhu san xuat may mdc thiet bi, cdng cu, che tao<br /> - 12%, trong kbi thul nhap khiu EU - 15 la 0 - va lap rap d td, hda dau... day eiing chinh la<br /> 36,6%), vdi mirc trung binh ddi vdi hang cdng nhirng mat hang xuat khau chinh ciia hg. Cac<br /> nghiep la 4,1%. Do vay, Viet Nam phai tan san pham ma cac nudc nay can nhap khau la<br /> dung dieu kien thuan lgi nay de tang kim ngach nguyen lieu thd, eac san pham ndng nghiep, det<br /> xuat khau vao eac nudc thanh vien mdi. may, nhien lieu, giay dep, hang tieu diing, tbii<br /> Mat khac, khi bang hda nhap khau vao bat cdng my nghe... da sd la nhung mat hang xuat<br /> cir cira khau nao cua mdt trong 27 nude thanh khau ehii lire ciia Viet Nam.<br /> vien deu duge tir do luan chuyen trong thi<br /> Thic tu, cbinb sach thuong mai ciia EU theo<br /> trirdng ciia toan khdi. Ddi vdi Viet Nam, co hdi<br /> hudng xda bd cae ban che thuong mai, ha thap<br /> sir dung cac nude ban bang truyen thdng lam<br /> cac hang rao thue quan, thuan lgi va tu do hda<br /> nbiJ'ng cira khau quan trgng de tham nhap hang<br /> thuong mai, da phuong hda, khu vuc hda va<br /> hda eiia minh vao toan bd thi trudng EU la rat<br /> song phuong hda vdi cac nudc tren the gidi.<br /> ldn va ngugc lai lgi the cua Viet Nam cd the la<br /> Cac nudc NMS khi gia nhap EU ciang se phai<br /> mdt eau ndi, diem den cho bang hda eiia cac<br /> thue hien chinh sach thuong mai nay. EU da<br /> nudc nay tdi thj trirdng cac nudc ASEAN.<br /> cap che do thue quan phd cap eho 143 nudc va<br /> Thir hai, GDP ciia cac qudc gia mdi gia nhap thirc bien uu dai dac biet eho nhii'ng nude ngheo<br /> EU trong hon mdt thap ky qua da dat dugc tdc tren the gidi. Day la nhiing lgi the ciia EU ma<br /> do tang trirdng kha an tugng, trung binh khoang chiing ta can tan dung, phat huy trong trao ddi<br /> 4 - 6% nam, mire sdng, thi hieu eiia ngudi dan thuong mai.<br /> cac nudc nay thay ddi rat nhieu. Gia nhap EU se<br /> tao dieu kien thuan Igi tang nhanh tdc do phat 2.2 Thach thire<br /> trien kinb te ban nua cho cac nude thanh vien Thu nhdt, khi trd thanh thanh vien EU, cac<br /> mdi va nhu vay cae nude nay se ed dieu kien nude huge phai thuc bien theo co che, chinh<br /> thue te trong viec mo rgng diu tu ra ben ngoai. sach thuang mai chung, cac yeu ciu vl ban<br /> <br /> <br /> 34 NhOng vin di KINH i t VA CHINH TRj TH^ GICTI So 3(167) 2010<br /> P d n g Thj Thuy Linh Quan he thuong mai giira Viet Nam va eac qudc gia<br /> <br /> <br /> ngach, tieu chuan ky thuat, xuit xir hang hda se trong eac vu kien ban pha gia. Thdi gian qua,<br /> phai ap dung mdt each thdng nhit, chat che va EU da ap thul chdng ban pha gia ddi vdi mdt sd<br /> nghiem ngat hon trudc. Toan bd cam ket song hang hda cua Viet Nam nhu: nam 2004 ap thue<br /> phuong giira Viet Nam vdi nhiing nude nay se 51,2%) - 78,8% ddi vdi vdng khuyen kim Ioai,<br /> bj hiiy bd de thay bing co cbl quan be nhu vdi 15,8% - 34,5% ddi vdi xe dap, 7,7% doi vdi<br /> EU hien nay. Dilu dd se gay nhieu liing tiing chot eai inox, 66,r/o ddi vdi den huynh quang;<br /> eho doanh nghiep Viet Nam vdn lau nay chi nam 2006 ap thue 10% ddi vdi giay, mu da.<br /> quan he vdi khu vire nay. Viec ap thue chdng ban pha gia da gay anh<br /> hudng rat tieu cue tdi viec xuat khau cac mat<br /> Thu hai, la tbi trudng xuit khau quan trgng<br /> hang nay ciia Viet Nam sang EU. Trong thuc te,<br /> hang dau ciia bau het eac nudc dang phat trien<br /> cae doanh nghiep nhap khau giay, mu da ciia<br /> cd san pham tuong tir Viet Nam nen tbi trudng<br /> Viet Nam da va dang chuyen nhap khau va gia<br /> EU cd tinh canh tranh gay gat. Viet Nam phai<br /> edng eac ma giay bi ap thue chdng ban pha gia<br /> canh tranh vdi ngudn cung hang hda ddi dao vdi<br /> tir Viet Nam sang cac nudc khac nhu: An Do,<br /> gia re va chat lugng khdng kem tir cac nudc<br /> Bangladesh, Indonesia... Thang 10/2008, Uy<br /> nhu Thai Lan, Singapore, Indonesia... Mat khac,<br /> ban chau Au quyet dinh tien hanh ra soat cudi<br /> hang Viet Nam edn yeu ve gia ca va chat lugng<br /> ky viec chdng ban gia ddi vdi mat bang giay,<br /> trong khi EU lai yeu cau cao ve char lugng cimg<br /> mil da ciia Viet Nam va Trung Qude. Quyet<br /> vdi cac luat le quy dinh chat che.<br /> dinh ve thue chdng ban pha gia nay le ra da bet<br /> Chinh sach thuong mai cua EU ddi vdi Viet bieu lire vao 1/3/2009 nhung da dugc mac<br /> Nam nam trong chinh sach thuang mai chung nhien gia ban trong thdi gian ra soat va ed kha<br /> vdi ASEAN va cac nudc dang phat trien. Thdi nang tiep tuc keo dai nham bao hd nganh giay<br /> gian qua, tuy chinh sach thuong mai eiia EU ddi dep ciia mdt sd nudc thanh vien EU trong khi<br /> vdi Viet Nam da cd nhieu chuyen bien tich cue gay tdn bai cho nganh giay dep Viet Nam.<br /> nhimg van cdn kem uu dai bon so vdi nhieu<br /> nude dang phat trien khae, ke ca cac nudc Thic tic, bang rao ky thuat van la mdt edng cu<br /> ASEAN. Ben canh dd, chuong trinb md rdng phdng ve thuong mai dugc nhieu nudc chau Au<br /> hang boa eiia EU vdi ndi dung day manh tu do sir dung kha phd bien de ban che bang nhap<br /> boa thuong mai thdng qua viec giam dan thue khau vdi muc dich tuyen bd la bao ve ngudi<br /> quan, tang cac Ioai hang rao phi thue quan, xoa tieu diing nhung cung nham bao hd eac nganh<br /> bd che do ban ngach theo Id trinh ciia Hiep dinh san xuat trong nude dang bi mat dan lgi the so<br /> chung ve thue quan va mau dich (GATT), tien sanh so vdi hang nhap khau. Mdt sd quy dinh<br /> dan tdi viec bai bd uu dai eiia He thdng uu dai eiia EU ve ngudn gdc xuat xir, ve sinh, an toan<br /> thue quan phd cap (GSP), cd the se gay trd ngai thuc pham, kiem dich dgng vat, tieu chuan-ky<br /> cho hang xuat khau ciia Viet Nam. Nam 2008, thuat ddi vdi thirc pham dang thue sir gay khd<br /> EU quyet dinh dua Viet Nam ra khdi danh sach khan eho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam.<br /> ap dung Quy che Uu dai thue quan phd cap ddi<br /> 3. Nhirng nhan to tac dong den trien vong<br /> vdi cac mat bang giay dep, bang det may ciia<br /> Viet Nam xuit sang EU giai doan 2009 - 2012. hop tac giua Viet Nam vdi cac nu-dc NMS va<br /> giai phap thiic day quan he Viet Nam - NMS<br /> Thu ba, do chua dugc EU cdng nhan cd nin<br /> kinh tl thi trudng nen hang boa ciia Viet Nam 3.1 Nhung nhdn to tdc dgng den trien vgng<br /> chua dugc huong hoan toan Igi ich ciia viec la hop tdc giira Viet Nam vdi cdc nude NMS<br /> thanh vien Vv'TO va phan nao bi ddi xii' kem - Xu the tu do hda thicang mgi, khu vuc hda<br /> thuan loi so vdi mdt sd nudc khae, dac biet la vd todn cdu hda la tat yeu va khacb quan hien<br /> <br /> <br /> NliOng vin di KINH i t VA CHINH TRj T H ^ GIQI Sd 3(167) 2010<br /> 35<br /> Quan he thuong mai giira Viet Nam va can qudc gia. Ddng Thj ThuyUnh<br /> <br /> <br /> nay, song day la mdt tien trinh phirc tap, cd mat EU cung dua ra "Sang kiln thuong mai xuyen<br /> thuan, mat nghich, cd co bdi va ca thach thirc. khu vuc" nham thue day quan he thuong mai va<br /> Cue dien nay thuan Igi cho ta md rdng thi dau tu ciia hai phia, dam bao tang cudng su<br /> trudng xuit khiu sang NMS, noi cd thue suat hien dien, ddi thoai va vai trd ciia EU ddi vdi<br /> thip hon trudc, ddng thdi se phai ddi mat vdi su Ddng Nam A ndi rieng va chau A ndi chung.<br /> canh tranh ngay cang gay gat tren tbi trudng Lien minh chau Au ciing da hoach dinh mdt<br /> EU. Ben canh dd, Viet Nam edn tham gia tien chinh sach mdi trong quan he vdi Viet Nam,<br /> trinb ddi thoai va hgp tac giua cac nudc thanh tren eo sd dd, day manh dau tu va thuong mai<br /> vien EU va mdt sd nudc chau A (ASEM). song phuong. EU danh cho Viet Nam uu dai<br /> Trong ITnh vuc kinb te - thuong mai, boat ddng thue quan phd cap, tang vdn ODA hang nam<br /> chii yeu ciia ASEM la ddi thoai chinh sach nen ciing vdi viec day manh hd trg ky thuat. Trong<br /> eac van de duge thda thuan trong ASEM se chien luge mdi ddi vdi chau A, EU danh su<br /> giup cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam hieu rd hon quan tam dac biet vdi ASEAN ma Viet Nam la<br /> chinh sach kinh te, thuang mai ciia cae nude mdt thanh vien eiia td chire nay. Rd rang, vi the<br /> thanh vien khac va ngugc lai, tren co sd dd se eiia Viet Nam da duge nang len trong chinh<br /> tim ra cac phuong hudng, bien phap thieh hgp sach mdi eiia EU.<br /> de tang cudng, mo rdng quan he trao ddi 3.2 Gidi phdp thdc day quan he Viet Nam -<br /> thuong mai va xiic tien dau tu giua hai khu vuc.<br /> NMS trong boi cdnh mdi<br /> Tham gia tich circ vao ASEM, chiing ta se cd co<br /> hdi dang ke de tham gia sau rdng ban nua vao - Hoan thien he thdng lugt phdp, chinh sdch<br /> nen kinh te the gidi, ddng thdi that chat hon nira tao mdi trudng kinb doanh thuan Igi cho cac<br /> quan be vdi EU. doanh nghiep Viet Nam budn ban vdi cac nudc<br /> NMS va ciing la de thdng nhat vdi cac quy djnh<br /> - Phdt trien quan hii hop tdc todn diin giica ciia EU, phii hgp vdi cac cam ket qudc te song<br /> Viijt Nam - EU. Hiep dinh khung ve Hgp tac phuong, da phuong ciing nhu quy dinh ciia<br /> giCra Viet Nam va EU dugc ky nam 1995, den WTO. Chimg ta can ra soat lai he thdng luat,<br /> nay da bet ban va sap tdi se dugc thay the bdi dieu chinh cac quy dinh khdng cdn phii hgp vdi<br /> Hiep dinh Hgp tac va Ddi tac mdi (PCA). Day thdng le qudc te hoac chua minh bach; md rgng<br /> la mdt budc phat trien quan trgng va la khudn pham vi dieu chinh cho phii hgp vdi cac quy<br /> khd cho toan bd quan he hgp tac giira Viet Nam dinh ciia WTO; quy dinh chat che va cu the hon<br /> va EU trong thdi gian tdi. Hiep dinh se md rdng mgi boat ddng thuong mai va lien quan den<br /> hon nhieu so vdi Hiep dinh khung nam 1995. thuong mai cho phii hgp vdi xu hudng md cira<br /> Ben canh dd, sap tdi day EU va Viet Nam se ky tbi trudng va xu the bdi nhap de khuyen khich<br /> Hiep dinh thuong mai tu do vi dam phan PTA san xuat va xuat khau trong luat thuong mai;<br /> giua EU va ASEAN dien ra cham tre nen EU da phan dau lam cho chinh sach thue dac biet la<br /> tinh tdi ke hoach la khai thac kha nang thiic diy chinh sach thue xuat nhap khau cd dinh hudng<br /> ban nira qua trinh dam phan FTA vdi rieng mgt nhat quan, khdng gay khd khan cho doanh<br /> sd nudc ASEAN san sang md cua thi trudng, nghiep trong viec tinh toan bieu qua kinh<br /> trong dd dac biet luu tam Viet Nam. doanh; giam dan tien tdi ngimg ap dung cac<br /> - Chiin lugc mdi cua EU ddi vdi chdu A. lenh cam, lenh ngimg xuat nhap khau tam thdi;<br /> Nam 2003, EU da dua ra chien luge rieng vdi tang cudng tinb ddng bd ciia co che chinh sach,<br /> ASEAN"Quan he ddi tac mdi vdi Ddng Nam ap dung thi diem md hinh lien ket bdn ben trong<br /> A" nham khang djnh rd vai trd eiia ASEAN xay dung cac de an phat trien san xuat va xuit<br /> trong chien luge phat trien cua minh, dong thdi. khiu (doanh nghiep lien ket vdi cac trudng.<br /> <br /> <br /> 36 NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA C H I N H TRj TH^ GICTI Sd 3(167) 2010<br /> Ddng Thj Thiiy Linh Quan he thuong mai giira Viet Nam va cac qude gia<br /> <br /> <br /> vien nghien ciru, cac td chirc tai chinh va cac co - Ddy mgnh cdng tdc xiic tien thuang mgi.<br /> quan Nha nudc). Hien nay, thdng tin hai chieu giira nudc ta-vdi<br /> NMS cdn rat thieu. Vi vay, cac co quan Nha<br /> - Ma rdng quan he ngogi giao, k\- kit Hiep<br /> nude can quan tam den cdng tac thdng tin nham<br /> dinh Hop tdc todn dien. Hien nay Viet Nam va<br /> dam bao hgp tac chat che giua cae bd, nganh<br /> EU da trai qua 5 vdng dam phan de tien tdi ky<br /> ciing nhu tao ngudn thdng tin phong phu, tin<br /> ket Hiep djnh khung ve ddi tac va hgp tac toan<br /> cay eho cae doanh nghiep ve thj trudng cac<br /> dien (PCA). Hiep dinh PCA se la mdt hiep dinh<br /> nude NMS. Chung ta ed the nghien ciru tao ra<br /> toan dien, phan anh quan he hgp tac nhieu mat<br /> mdt chuyen san danh rieng cho thi trudng cac<br /> giira hai ben va la khudn khd lam sau sac hon<br /> nudc NMS trong dd cap nhap nhanh va day dii<br /> quan be hgp tac ve cac van de song phuong va<br /> eac thdng tin ve mdi trudng luat phap, chinh<br /> da phuong. Viet Nam can nd lire de hoan tat<br /> sach, tinb binh boat ddng cua ddi tbu canh<br /> dam phan va ky ket Hiep dinh PCA trong thdi<br /> tranh, cac rao can thue quan, phi thue quan, eac<br /> gian sdm nhat cd the.<br /> bien phap bao bd tren timg thi trudng, cac<br /> Sau nhiing bat thanh trong dam phan FTA nganh bang, mat bang va kha nang cung cap<br /> vdi khu virc ASEAN ban mdt nam qua, EU tieu tbu, dieu kien cung cap hoac tieu thu, cac<br /> mudn "day" len uu tien dam phan FTA vdi timg mat hang cd kha nang thay the... Cbinb phu nen<br /> nirdc trong ASEAN, nhu mdt trong nhimg giai cho phep thanh lap Trung tam Xuc tien thuong<br /> phap duy nhat thao gd be tac, thay eho each tiep mai Viet Nam tai EU de hd trg cac doanh<br /> can khu virc vdn khdng mang lai bieu qua. Viet nghiep xuat khau. Cae doanh nghiep cd the sir<br /> Nam la mdt trong nhirng nude dau tien EU dung Trung tam de gidi thieu san pham, ban<br /> mudn dam phan chinh thire FTA". Ban chat hang, giao djch thuong mai, tao dau mdi, xiic<br /> FTA la dam bao sir tiep can tbi trudng tdt hon<br /> tien giup cac doanh nghiep trong nude tao quan<br /> cho cac doanh nghiep. Vi vay, thdi gian tdi<br /> he thuong mai vdi cac nude ddi tac. Dai sii'<br /> Chinh phii Viet Nam can nd luc de tien tdi ky<br /> quan Viet Nam tai cac nude NMS cung cd the<br /> ket FTA vdi EU de md cira hoan toan, Ioai bd<br /> giup eac doanh nghiep Viet Nam bang each<br /> khdng ehi hang rao thue quan ma ca nhiing<br /> quang ba binh anh va thuong hieu hang Viet<br /> hang rao phi thue quan. Dieu dd se giiip chiing<br /> Nam tai eac nudc sd tai.<br /> ta kiem soat gia ca tdt bon. Hien nay, mdt sd<br /> mat hang ciia Viet Nam nhu giay dep, hang dien - Phdt triin cdc ngdnh hdng xudt khdu chu<br /> tir, thuy san... dang phai chiu mirc thue kha cao,<br /> luc. Hai mat hang xuat khau chii lire hien nay<br /> vi du nhu thue xuat khau giay dep sang EU eiia<br /> ciia Viet Nam la giay dep va det may, chii yeu<br /> Viet Nam khoang 7% hay mgt chiec ao so mi<br /> van la gia cdng eho nude ngoai nen hieu qua<br /> dang phcii chju thue 13%, nhung neu ed FTA,<br /> thuc te thu dugc rat thap. Boi vay, Nha nudc<br /> thue chi cdn 0%. FT.A cung se dd bo cac bien<br /> phap chdng ban pha gia. Hiep dinh se gdp phan can cd mgt chinh sach cu the de khuyen khich<br /> day manh dau tu vao cac nganh dinh hudng cac doanh nghiep san xuat chir khdng phai gia<br /> xuat khau ciia Viet Nam vti ddng gdp khoang cdng. Ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep da xuat khau<br /> 2% - 15% vao tang trudng GDP tc^i Viet Nam."^ true tiep sang EU tiep tuc dau tu vdn va ddi mdi<br /> cdng nghe de eai tien san pham phii hgp vdi tbi<br /> EU muon dam phan FTA chinh thiic \oi Viet Nam<br /> bieu ciia ngudi tieu dimg, nang cao chat lugng,<br /> 2009, http: www.tinmoi.sn Hl'-muon-dam-phan-FT.A-<br /> chinh-lluic-\oi-\ let-Nam-1187357.html littp: www.iinkinlitc .com nd .< ' detail >.•Diiti-n •ihicp ( Icl^<br /> Hiep dinh FTA .ASEAN - EU co nhiSu loi th(§ cho da iiui\-da-uia\- •thoi-tranii hi cp-•dinh-fta- •asean-•eu-CD-<br /> giay Viet Nam 2009, iihieu-loi-the -cho-da-•tiiav--\iet-nani 4 .V-^,^7.1 :^()L''^9.1unll<br /> <br /> <br /> NhOng vin di KINH TE VA CHINH TRj THE GICTI Sd 3(167) 2010<br /> fiP.7\ '^n-in<br /> 3/<br /> Quan he thuong mai giCra Viet Nam va cac qudc gia. Ddng Thj ThCiyJ-jrih<br /> <br /> <br /> giam ehi phi san xuat de cd nhung san pham vdi nang thanh toan ciia Viet Nam, nen kbi cd nhu<br /> mau ma phong phu, chat lugng eao va than cau dau tu, chimg ta chii ylu van nhap khau<br /> thien vdi mdi trudng. may mdc cdng nghe tir cac nudc chau A, vi the<br /> chat lugng hang hda khdng cao, kha nang canh<br /> Ddi vdi cae san pham ndng san nhu ea phe,<br /> che, hat dilu, hat tieu..., Nha nudc can cd chinh tranh kem. Khi tham gia vao tbi trudng qude te,<br /> sach cu thi khuyln khich dau tu, quy hoach, tao cd le giai phap hiru hieu de trang bi eho hang<br /> ra eac vimg san xuat chuyen canh (ed tinh den hda Viet Nam sire canh tranh qudc te la day<br /> cac ylu td khi hau, thd nhudng, khdng phat manh nhap khau ngudn tir EU. Cd hai each de<br /> trien tran lan, cd dir tinh den thi trirdng tieu nhap khau dugc cdng nghe ngudn la dau tu ciia<br /> thu); IJ'ng dung eac ky thuat tien tien, cdng Chinh phii va thu hut cac nha dau tu tir EU. Tuy<br /> nghe sau thu hoach de dam bao san pham lam nhien, Viet Nam la nudc ngheo nen kinh phi<br /> ra cd chat lugng tdt, gia thanh ha. Nhu vay, se danh eho dau tu eua Chinh phu rat ban hep, ehi<br /> giiip cho cdng tac quan Iy chat lugng tir khau cd the uu tien eho cac nganh trgng diem. Bien<br /> tuyen chgn gidng, ky thuat tham canh, cham sdc phap tdi uu de Viet Nam nhap duge cdng nghe<br /> den thu mua, che bien thuan Igi ban, khae phuc ngudn tir EU va sir dung cdng nghe nay dat hieu<br /> tinh trang thu gom chat lugng kem, ngudn cung<br /> qua cao la thu hiit eac nha dau tu EU tham gia<br /> cap khdng dn dinh. Thi trudng tieu thii dn dinh se<br /> vao qua trinb san xuat hang xuat khau tai Viet<br /> tao dieu kien cho cac \aing chuyen canh cd chien<br /> Nam. Thdng qua hinh thuc lien doanh, lien ket,<br /> lugc phat trien ben vung.<br /> nhugng quyen thuang mai hoac thu hut eac du<br /> Trong nhung nam tdi, co' cau hang xuat khau an 100% FDI vdi cac ddi tac EU, cac mat hang<br /> cua Viet Nam se thay ddi theo hudng tang xuat khau eua Viet Nam se nang cao kha nang<br /> nhanh ty trgng nganh che bien, che tao va giam canh tranh va cd them co bdi tiep can thi trudng<br /> manh nganh nguyen lieu thd. De ed co cau nhu EU, giam kha nang bj phia EU khdi kien chdng<br /> vay, Nha nudc can ed cbinb sach cu the khuyen pha gia va neu bi kien thi kha nang dat ket qua<br /> khich doanh nghiep thudc cac nganh cdng<br /> thuan lgi cao. Hon ntia, cae doanh nghiep EU<br /> nghiep che bien va che tao dau tu theo chieu sau<br /> da tirng ap dung tdt cae nhu cau khat khe eiia thi<br /> de nang eao chat lugng, gia tri gia tang, tinh ddc<br /> trudng EU, vi vay cd the tin tudng rang vdi su<br /> dao va tinh khiic biet cua san pham, da dang hda<br /> cae mat hang nham tang khdi lugng va nang eao gdp mat ciia cae nha dau tu EU, hang hda Viet<br /> hieu qua xuat khau sang thi trirdng NMS. Ddi Nam cd the chiem ITnh dugc thi trudng nay ndi<br /> vdi cac doanh nghiep Idn eiia Nha nudc thudc rieng va cac thj tardng tren toan cau ndi chung<br /> nganh dien tir, tin hgc, vien thdng, Nha nude vdi chat lugng eao, kieu dang phong phii, da<br /> can cd chinh sach hd trg ve vdn va khuyen dang va dap irng tdt cac tieu chuan ve sinh mdi<br /> khich hg tap trung nghien cim eo ban de tao ra tru'dng. Vi vay, Nha nude can cd chinh sach uu<br /> cac san pham cdng nghe cao. dai danh rieng cho cac nha dau tu EU ngoai<br /> nhung uu dai ma bg dugc hudng theo luat dau<br /> - Tdng cudng ddu tic ddi mdi cdng nghe, gdn<br /> tu nudc ngoai ciia Viet Nam, chang ban nhimg<br /> nhdp khdu cdng nghe tic EU vdi .xudt khdu hdng<br /> uu dai vl thul suat Igi tire, thue chuyen Igi<br /> hda. Cdng nghe ngudn cua EU hien dai, chit<br /> nhuan ra nudc ngoai d muc thap nhat...<br /> lugng cao, song gia thanh lai cao so vdi kha<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 38 NhOng vin di KINH T ^ VA C H I ' N H TRj T H ^ GICTI Sd 3(167) 2010<br />