Quan hệ thương mại Việt Nam - Lào

Quan he thiFO'ng mai Viet Nam - Lao<br /> <br /> PGS. TS. NGUYEN XUAN THIEN<br /> <br /> <br /> Thdi gian qua, quan he thuang mgi Viet Nam - Lao dd tieng budc phdt triin, tuy<br /> nhien, muc do dgt dugc chua tuong xiing vdi mdi quan hi ddc biit Viet Nam - Lao<br /> ciing nhu dim ndng kinh ti ciia hai nudc. Bdi viit phdn tich mdt sd ddc diem vd<br /> nhiing tdn tgi trong quan he thuang mgi Viet Nam - Ldo, kiin nghi mgt sd gidi phdp<br /> chii yeu de phdt triin han nica quan hi thuong mgi Viet Nam - Ldo.<br /> <br /> <br /> I. DQNG THAI, KET QUA VA TON TAI budc phat trien tdt, kim ngach XNK dat miic ky<br /> T^ONG QUAN HE THU^ONG MAI VIET lyc tinh den thdi diem dd la 362,7 trieu USD,<br /> NAM - LAO THCJI GIAN QUA trong dd Viet Nam XK 165,3 trieu USD va<br /> I.Dong thai nhap khiu (NK) 197,4 trieu USD.<br /> <br /> Theo sd lieu cua Tdng cyc Thdng ke, nam Thdi ky 2001 - 2005 kim ngach thuong mai<br /> 1991, kim ngach xuat nhap khau (XNK) Viet Viet Nam - Lao giam sut so vdi cac nam 1998 -<br /> Nam - Lao dat 45 trieu USD, trong dd Viet 2000. Nguyen nhan la do hai nudc bd phuang<br /> Nam xuat khau 36,7 trieu USD va nhap khau thiie ddi hang va phia Lao chu truang ddng cira<br /> 8,3 trieu USD. Nam 1992, kim ngach XNK hai rimg de bao ve mdi trudng trong khi mat hang<br /> chieu dat 73 trieu USD, trong dd Viet Nam xuit go chiem ty trgng ldn trong XK cua Lao sang<br /> khiu (XK) 61, 4 trieu USD, tang 63,7%,. Nam<br /> Viet Nam.<br /> 1992 trd ve trudc, Viet Nam ludn xuat sieu sang<br /> Lao. Nhung tir nam 1993, tinh hinh dao ngugc, Nam 2005, Uy ban lien Chinh phii Viet Nam<br /> Lao ludn xuat sieu sang Viet Nam. Nguyen - Lao da ap dung chinh sach giam thul cho<br /> nhan la do hang hda Thai Lan trung chuyen qua hang hda hai nudc, cd mat hang dugc giam thul<br /> thi trudng Lao, dac biet la mat hang xe may den 50%o. Nhd dd, ciing vdi su nang ddng ciia<br /> Thai Lan thdng qua cac doanh nghiep Lao xuat khu vuc doanh nghiep hai nudc, kim ngach<br /> khiu sang Viet Nam. Cac nam 1996 - 1997, thuong mai Viet Nam - Lao da tang len tuong<br /> tdng kim ngach XNK Viet Nam - Lao giam siit ddi nhanh. Nam 2007, kim ngach thuong mai<br /> do nudc ta quan ly han ngach nhap khau xe<br /> Viet Nam - Lao dat 321 trieu USD, tang 23%<br /> may. Cac nam 1998 - 1999 vdi bien phap "hang<br /> so vdi nam trudc, nam 2008 dat 422,9 trieu<br /> ddi hang" kim ngach XNK Viet Nam - Lao cd<br /> USD, tang 32%, nam 2009 udc tinh dat khoang<br /> Tru'dng Dai hoc Kinh te - Dai hgc Quoc gia Ha Noi 800 trieu USD.<br /> <br /> <br /> -NhOng vin di KINH i t VA CHINH TRj TH^ GIQI So 5(169) 2010<br /> Nguyin Xuan Thien Quan he thuang mai Viet Nam - Lao<br /> <br /> v l CO ciu hang hda, Viet Nam XK sang Lao Trao ddi hdng hda qua bien gidi giica ddn cu<br /> chii ylu la xang diu (tai xuat), vat lieu xay dyng hai nudc: Ben canh boat ddng XNK tilu ngach<br /> (sit thep, xi mang, nhua dudng), ndng thiiy san edn cd hoat ddng budn ban trao ddi hang hda<br /> (gao, mudi, hai san ddng lanh, tdi khd, bia, qua bien gidi giira dan eu hai nudc, dugc thuc<br /> rugu...), hang cdng nghiep (det may, phan bdn, hien khdng chi qua cae khu vuc cira khau ma<br /> duge phim, hda my pham). Hang hda phong cdn qua 27 dudng mdn giao luu budn ban giira<br /> phii da chimg Ioai nhung chua cd hang hda kim cac tinh cac huyen bien gidi trong dd ehii yeu<br /> ngach ldn. Ngoai mat hang xang dau, chua ed la budn ban tai cac chg dudng bien. Tuy tri<br /> hang hda nao dat tdi 10 trieu USD/nam. Ve gia hang trao ddi khdng ldn nhung hinh thirc<br /> hang hda Lao XK sang Viet Nam, hang hda chu "hang ddi hang" nay da giiip cai thien ddi<br /> luc la xe may, gd, thach cao, xe d td, dd dien gia sdng ngudi dan d cac tinh viing bien gidi hai<br /> dyng (chii yeu la hang tai xuat tir Thai Lan), nudc, tao ra su gan bd giira ba con hai bien<br /> lam san, trau bd. gidi, gdp phan giir virng an ninh chinh tri khu<br /> vuc bien gidi hai nudc.<br /> Ve hinh thiie thuang mai, trong thdi gian<br /> tien hanh trao ddi budn ban vdi nhau hai nude Budn bdn chinh nggch: Hinh thire nay dugc<br /> da sir dyng kha da dang cachinh thire budn ban thyc hien ehii yeu bdi cae doanh nghiep nha<br /> nhu: budn ban chinh ngach, budn ban tieu nudc hoac cae cdng ty trach nhiem hiru ban d<br /> ngach, budn ban dan gian, trao ddi hang thdng cac tinh, thanh phd trong va ngoai bien gidi.<br /> qua nghi dinh thu, xuat nhap khau qua canh. Viec budn ban chinh ngach duge can cii tren<br /> Nhimg qua thdi gian tinh tir nam 1991 den nay, hgp ddng cd eo sd dya tren nhiing quy dinh ciia<br /> chi edn tdn tai cac hinh thirc trao ddi thuong Hiep dinh Thuong mai, nhiing quy dinh va tap<br /> mai chinh giira hai nude la: budn ban tieu quan ciia mdi nudc va thdng le qudc te. Hinh<br /> ngach, trao ddi hang hda qua bien gidi giiia dan thiic budn ban chinh ngach dugc thuc hien khi<br /> eu hai nude va budn ban chinh ngach. Cac hinh ed giay phep hoac cd sy phe chuan ciia Bd<br /> thiie do dugc thue hien nhu sau: Thuong mai hai nude. Hinh thiic nay ngay cang<br /> phat trien va la hinh thire budn ban chinh duge<br /> Budn bdn tieu nggch: Hinh thire nay chii yeu<br /> thyc hien giira hai nudc.<br /> dugc thyc hien bdi nhiing eu dan viing bien<br /> gidi, ddi khi cd ca sir tham gia ciia cac doanh Nhu vay, hinh thire trao ddi thuong mai giira<br /> nghiep thudc nha nude hai nude hoac eac doanh hai nude ciing duge phat trien va hoan thien<br /> nghiep tu nhan thudc cac tinh viing bien gidi. theo thdi gian.<br /> Gia tri hang XNK tieu ngach tuan theo quy dinh 2. Ket qua<br /> cua Nha nudc, phuong thiic thanh toan trao ddi<br /> bing tiln mat (kip Lao hoac Viet Nam ddng Thic nhdt, kim ngach thuang mai hai nudc ed<br /> hoac bang mdt sd ddng ngoai te khae nhu nip, nhirng thdi gian tang trudng khdng dn dinh<br /> USD) giiia hai ben. Hinh thire thuong mai tilu nhung ndi chung thdi ky sau van cao hon thdi<br /> ngach chiem ty trgng nhd trong tdng kim ngach ky trudc va ngay cang tao co sd cho su tang<br /> budn ban giiia Viet Nam va Lao. Ty trgng nay trudng dn dinh trong tuong lai.<br /> ngay cang thu hep. Tuy vay, day la binh thirc Thu hai, eo cau mat hang trao ddi ngay cang<br /> thuong mai duge cho la khdng thi thilu trong phong phu, ngoai hang hda trong nudc hoac<br /> quan he budn ban giiia Lao va Viet Nam. hang hda xuat tai dia phuong bien gidi edn cd<br /> <br /> <br /> NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHINH TRj IHt GIQI So 5(169) 2010- 65<br /> Quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Lao Nguyin Xuan Thien<br /> <br /> hang hda cua nude thir ba tham gia vao boat viec vdi thu nhap dn dinh lam tang miic sdng<br /> ddng trao ddi hang hda giira hai nude. Co eau ciia ngudi dan.<br /> hang hda cd tinh chat bd sung cho nhau, phii<br /> Thic ndm, tang trudng vl thuang mai giiia<br /> hgp vdi trinh do va lgi the ciia mdi nude. Viet<br /> hai nude Viet Nam va Lao khdng chi giup tang<br /> Nam ehii yeu xuat khau sang Lao sat thep, vat<br /> mirc sdng cua dan cu viing bien gidi tang thu<br /> lieu xay dyng, da dp lat, cdng cy lao ddng, hang<br /> ngan sach qudc gia ma thuc su da ed budc<br /> tieu diing, thue pham... Hang eiia Lao xuat<br /> tien lam thay ddi bd mat kinh te thdng qua<br /> khau sang Viet Nam chii yeu la ndng lam san<br /> viec CO sd ha tang, dudng xa, cau cdng dugc<br /> nhu ca phe, sa nhan, canh kien, song may, thach<br /> cai thien nang cap, dac biet la nhirng noi cd<br /> cao, trau bd... Hang hda eiia Thai Lan tai xuat<br /> cira khau ldn.<br /> qua Lao nhu xe may, hang dien tir gia dyng<br /> eiing chiem ty trgng dang ke trong tdng gia tri 3. Nhii-ng ton tai<br /> budn ban giira hai nude. Co eau hang hda nay Trong nhiing nam qua, mac dii dat dugc<br /> da phan anh tinb chat bd sung eho nhau va phat nhilu thanh tuu nhu da thay d tren nhung quan<br /> huy duge lgi the so sanh ciia mdi nude. he thuong mai giiia Viet Nam va Lao van cd<br /> Thic ba, hang hda cua Viet Nam da cai thien nhieu khd khan va han che.<br /> dugc kha nhieu ve tinh canh tranh, lan lugt timg Thic nhdt, tdc do tang trudng nhin chung<br /> budc thiet lap duge chd dung virng chac cua cac chua dugc viing, cd nhieu giai doan sut giam,<br /> san pham tren tbi trudng Lao. Hang giay dep, bap benh. Trong quan he thuong mai vdi Lao,<br /> det may ciia Viet Nam tren thi trudng Lao la Viet Nam hien la nudc nhap sieu trong thdi gian<br /> mdt minh chimg. Hien tai, cae mat hang nay kha dai, budn ban tieu ngach cdn chiem ty trgng<br /> duge danh gia la ehi sau hang cimg Ioai Trung kha ldn, tinh hinh thanh toan qua Ngan hang<br /> Qudc, danh duge uu the nhieu hon ddi vdi hang Nha nudc chiem ty le thap. Gia tri nhieu mat<br /> ciing Ioai eiia Thai Lan, Malaysia... Mdt sd mat hang edn nhd chua cd nhieu mat hang mang<br /> bang gan vdi cdng nghe cao ciing ed budc tien tinh chu luc, dot pha, quyet dinh den gia tri kim<br /> kha quan khi tham nhap thi trudng Lao nhu linh ngach cua Viet Nam trong trao ddi vdi Lao.<br /> kien may tinh da budc dau cd dugc uy tin nhat Thu hai, ve co eau mat hang xuit khiu Viet<br /> dinh dat ra dinh hudng phat trien cho cac doanh Nam khdng ed nhieu thay ddi dang ke, chii yeu<br /> nghiep kinh doanh va la budc tao dieu kien gdm hang det may, giay dep, mdt sd hang ndng<br /> thuan lgi trong phat trien quan he thuong mai san, hang tieu dung... Viec xuit khiu nhdm<br /> hai nudc Viet Nam - Lao. hang vat lieu xay dung cd khoi lugng gia tri Idn<br /> Thic tu, quan he thuong mai giira Viet Nam nhu xi mang, sit thep gap nhilu khd khan, han<br /> va Lao trong thdi gian qua da nang cao dang ke cbl do Lao quan ly nganh nay bing han ngach<br /> ddi sdng ciia cu dan bien gidi. Nhd cd sy trao de bao hd san xuit trong nudc. Hang Viet Nam<br /> ddi thuong mai giira hai ben ngay cang nhdn nhap khau tir Lao ciing khdng ed nhilu thay doi<br /> nhip ban ddng nghTa vdi viec eac nganh giao qua cac nam, chu ylu vin la san phim go, lam<br /> nhay van chuyen, che bien ddng gdi, bao quan san va thiet bi may mdc, tan duge, xe may... la<br /> hang hda... ciing se duge gia tang... giiip tao hang ma Lao tam nhap tai xuat. Ve eo ciu mat<br /> them cdng an viec lam eho ngudi lao ddng, hang xuat khau sang Lao nhin chung cdn qua<br /> giup eho nhieu lao ddng cd them dugc cdng ngheo nan ve chiing Ioai chua tao dugc nhiing<br /> <br /> <br /> 66 -NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHINH TRj IHt GIQI Sd 5(169) 2010<br /> Nguyin Xuan Thien Quan he thuang mai Viet Nam - Lao<br /> <br /> <br /> mat hang chu lyc ed kha nang xuat nhap khau Thue suat ddi vdi hang hda XNK tilu ngach<br /> vdi kim ngach ldn va dn dinh. eiing dugc ap dyng chung theo Bieu thul XNK<br /> thdng nhat.<br /> Thic ba. mac dii thdi gian qua hang hda cua<br /> Viet Nam xuit sang Lao da cd sy cai thien Thic tu, Viet Nam chua phat huy duge the<br /> nhilu vl tinh canh tranh, nhung xet tdng the vin manh cua Lao nhu mdt thi trudng trung chuyen<br /> chua cd tinh canh tranh bang vdi hang hda cua de md rdng xuat khau sang cae thi trudng khac.<br /> Thai Lan va Trung Qudc. Vdi hang Thai Lan,<br /> Thic ndm, Ngan hang Lien doanh Viet Nam -<br /> thi trudng Lao von da quen vdi cac san pham<br /> Lao boat ddng hieu qua chua cao, pham vi hoat<br /> cua Thai Lan, ddng thdi hang hda ciia Thai Lan<br /> ddng kha ban che nen chua cd siic thu hut ddi<br /> nhin chung cd gia thap ban hang Viet Nam do<br /> vdi cac doanh nghiep va ca nhan tham gia boat<br /> chi phi van tai hang hda thap ban. Thii tuc XNK<br /> ddng XNK tren thi trudng, chua cd co che phii<br /> ciia Thai Lan ddi vdi Lao va ciia Lao ddi vdi<br /> hgp dl chuyen ddi ddng Viet Nam hay ddng kip<br /> Thai Lan ciing don gian hon. Phuang tien trao<br /> sang baht hay USD - hai Ioai ngoai te thdng tri<br /> ddi thdng tin lien lac thuan lgi. Thai Lan ap<br /> tren thi trudng Lao, lam giam hieu qua kinh<br /> dung cudc dien thoai vdi Lao nhu dien thoai ngi<br /> doanh ciia doanh nghiep do ddng kip Lao<br /> dia. Hang cua Thai Lan thdng qua Lao sang<br /> thudng khdng dn dinh mirc do mat gia cao.<br /> Viet Nam ciing chi phai nop thue qua canh 2 -<br /> Mire thanh toan qua ngan hang rat thap chi<br /> 5% gia hang, khdng phai nop thue nhap khau d<br /> khoang hon 10%, sd edn lai viec ddi tien, thanh<br /> Lao. Ve hang hda eiia Trung Qudc, dac biet la<br /> toan tien hang la do tu nhan thyc hien theo<br /> hang edng nghiep tieu diing vdn gia ca thap,<br /> phuong thirc true tiep trao tay, khdng ed su<br /> mau ma da dang, san pham phong phii, phii hgp<br /> quan ly ciia nha nude, trong thue te da xuat hien<br /> vdi tiii tien va thi hieu eiia ngudi tieu diing da<br /> "trung tam thanh toan ngam" do tu nhan td<br /> chiem dugc thi trudng Lao, dac biet la d khu<br /> chiic dl dap img nhu cau thuc te ve tien te thanh<br /> vyc cd miic sdng thap va trung binh. Trung<br /> toan trong budn ban qua bien gidi. Day la han<br /> Qudc chi dinh mdt sd doanh nghiep va thuong<br /> chi ldn edn ton tai gay anh hudng den quan he<br /> nhan d khu vyc bien gidi dugc kinh doanh bien<br /> thuong mai hai nudc.<br /> mau, duge hudng chinh sach uu dai ban cae<br /> doanh nghiep thyc hien mau dich qudc te. Ben Thu sdu, nan budn ban va gian lan thuong<br /> canh cac chinh sach khuyen khich dac biet ddi mai ngay cang sdi ddng va nbire nhdi, trd thanh<br /> vdi doanh nghiep kinh doanh XNK vdi Lao. mdt vin nan xa hdi. Khdng chi anh hudng<br /> nghiem trgng din kit qua kinh doanh ma cdn<br /> Trong khi dd, san pham hang hda ciia Viet anh hudng din su phat trien lanh manh ciia xa<br /> Nam chat lugng chua ddng deu, cae doanh hdi. Tinh trang budn lau diln ra thudng xuyen<br /> nghiep chua chii y dung miic den khau kiem va dac biet ndng tren tuyIn dudng sd 9 qua cira<br /> soat chat lugng hang hda xuat khau, lam mat uy khiu Lao Bao, tai day cac luc lugng chirc nang<br /> tin eiia san pham tren thi trudng. Chinh sach thudng xuyen phai ddi phd, xir ly nhieu vy vi<br /> XNK van dugc ap diing chung ddi vdi hang hda pham ldn, nhilu Ioai hang hda nhay cam nhu:<br /> san xUat tai cae dia phuong bien gidi va cae thudc la, bia, rugu ngoai, dudng, hang dien tir,<br /> doanh nghiep khae trong ea nude gay nen sy dien lanh dan dyng, cae Ioai gd. Theo thdng ke<br /> lung tung trong edng tac quan ly XNK bang hda nam 2008, da phat hien, bit giu" 3.093 vu, tri gia<br /> tai thj trudng trong va thi trudng bien gidi. hang vi pham 33,9 ty ddng. Trong 6 thang dau<br /> <br /> <br /> NhOng vin di KINH it VA CHINH TRj IHt Giai So 5(169) 2010- 67<br /> Quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Lao Nguyin Xuan Tjiien^<br /> <br /> nam 2009, sd vu vi pham cd giam nhung tri gia nghiep hai nudc cdn mit nhieu thdi gian, lam<br /> hang hda bat giii lai tang so vdi cimg ky 17,7 ty cho tdc do mua ban dien ra rit cham va bd lo<br /> ddng. Rieng mat hang thudc la thi dia ban nhieu co hdi kinh doanh. Do vay, trong dieu<br /> Quang Tri ludn chiem khoang 10%o tdng lugng kien bien ddng vl gia ca bang hda, ty gia hdi<br /> thuoc la phat hien, bat giii trong ca nudc. doai... tren thi trudng da lam anh hudng true<br /> Thic bdy, chi phi van chuyen cao lam eho gia tiep den hieu qua kinh doanh ciia hai ben.<br /> thanh hang hda cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng ii) Trong nhieu trudng hgp doanh nghiep<br /> Lao cao hon so vdi hang hda ciing Ioai eiia cae Viet Nam khdng quan he true tiep duge vdi<br /> nudc khac. Chinh gia ea hang hda cao la mdt thuang nhan Thai Lan nen hang hda mudn xuat<br /> nguyen nhan lam eho hang Viet Nam kem sire sang Thai Lan phai nhd doanh nghiep Lao, tiic<br /> canh tranh hon so vdi cae hang hda cung Ioai la hang ciia ta khdng thyc hien theo phuong<br /> khac. Them niia la hang hda ciia Viet Nam thirc qua canh ma van phai thdng qua mdt<br /> mdt phan nao dd ve chat lugng mau ma, bao doanh nghiep Lao theo phuang thiic tam nhap<br /> bi chua phii hgp vdi thi hieu ciing nhu thdi tai xuit. Hang qua canh qua Lao khdng mat<br /> quen, kha nang tieu diing ciia ngudi Lao. Day thul, le phi. Trong khi do thuc hien theo<br /> la diem yeu ma hang hda Viet Nam can phai phuong thiie tam nhap tai xuat, cac doanh<br /> khac phye de ed eo hdi eiing cd chd diing eiia nghiep Viet Nam se mat trung binh khoang 7 -<br /> minh tren thi trudng. 8%) tri gia hang xuat khau cho cac Ioai thu tuc,<br /> chi phi giao nhan, thue de nop cho Nha nudc<br /> Ben canh dd, ed the ke den mdt loat nguyen Lao thdng qua doanh nghiep Lao thuc hien<br /> nhan khac lam can trd sy phat trien eiia quan he phuong thirc tam nhap tai xuat. Thuc hien theo<br /> thuong mai Viet - Lao nhu: phuang thire nay thi hang ciia Viet Nam cd siic<br /> i) Viec thanh toan cua doanh nghiep hai canh tranh kem ban so vdi eac hang khac. Tuy<br /> nudc cdn tuy tien, phy thudc nhieu vao thdi vay, phuong thiic nay ciing khdng thue hien<br /> quen, tap quan mua ban cua Lao, chua thue sy dugc nhieu, do Lao va Viet Nam chua tim dugc<br /> thyc hien theo eo che thanh toan qudc te. hudng de xuat sang nude thir ba. Day eiing la<br /> Phuang thire mua ban thanh toan cham, phan nguyen nhan dan den kim ngach XNK giira hai<br /> nude khdng cd nhieu tang trudng.<br /> ldn cac giao dich khdng qua ngan hang ma<br /> dugc thyc hien theo phuong thirc mua hang iii) Cdng tac thdng tin va tu vin cho cac<br /> xong nhan tien mat ngay la mdt trd ngai ldn va doanh nghiep eiia Viet Nam la kha ban chi.<br /> khdng hap dan nhieu ddi vdi cae doanh nghiep Nhieu doanh nghiep tu nhan tiln hanh giao<br /> Viet Nam. Trong mdt sd trudng hgp la thanh thuong vdi phia Lao mdt each tu phat, chi nhin<br /> toan theo phuong thiic hang ddi hang, tra bang thay lgi ich trudc mit. Trong nhilu trudng hgp<br /> hang ndng, lam san nen da gay khdng it trd ngai do phia doanh nghiep Viet Nam khdng tim hilu<br /> cho cae doanh nghiep Viet Nam. Mdt thyc te ky ve ddi tac giao thuong thyc hien xong<br /> khien nhieu doanh nghiep Viet Nam e de khi thuang vy ma cdng ng eiia ddi tac Lao keo dai<br /> xuat khau hang sang Lao do la sire thanh toan day dua, ddi khi la trdn ng. Mdt trong nhimg<br /> eiia Lao qua yeu, tiem an nhieu riii ro khi xuat cdng ty ben phia Viet Nam roi vao canh khdng<br /> khau hang. Mdt thue te nira la, viec thanh toan lay dugc tien tir eac doanh nghiep Lao dd la<br /> thudng bi cham, giao dich mua ban giira doanh Cdng ty Vilexim ban xi mang cua Viet Nam da<br /> <br /> <br /> 68 -NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHI'NH TRj TH^ Giai Sd 5(169) 2010<br /> Nguyin Xuan Thien Quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Lao<br /> <br /> <br /> phai xIp 96.000 USD (1990) tiln ng vao sd ng duge vdi hang hda cung Ioai ciia Thai Lan va<br /> xiu cua minh, Cdng ty Dau tu hgp tac Viet - Trung Qudc.<br /> Lao xuit khiu gao sang Lao, din nay ciing cdn<br /> Mdt nguyen nhan khae niia ed the ke din dd<br /> nhilu ty ddng chua thu dugc, Cdng ty TNHH<br /> la, viec phat trien quan he thuong mai Viet -<br /> Van Xuan (Ha Ndi) mua go tra trudc 70.000 Lao chua thyc su gan ket vdi cae du an dau tu.<br /> USD nhung sau dd khdng lay duge hang... Do Lao thieu ngudn nguyen lieu, lao ddng va<br /> Dieu dd cho thay, khdng chi khau thdng tin ve cae dich vy ky thuat tai chd nen viec san xuat<br /> tim hieu ddi tac ciia ta cdn qua yeu ma cdn the hang hda ciia cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau<br /> hien each thiic lam an ty phat, khdng cd hdi, cd tu tai Lao deu phy thudc vao viec nhap khau<br /> thuyen giao thuong thuong mai. nguyen lieu, lao ddng va cac dich vy ky thuat.<br /> iv) Viet Nam va Lao chua cd chinh sach hd Day la nguyen nhan khien viec san xuat hang<br /> hda ciia cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam tai Lao<br /> trg tich cue cho mdt sd edng trinh dau tu trgng<br /> chua thue su cd hieu qua.<br /> diem, chua chii y den tap trung xay dyng co sd<br /> vat chat cho phat trien thuong mai nhu chua II. MOT SO GIAI PHAP N H A M THUC<br /> chu y den viec lap, md cae van phdng dai dien, DAY QUAN HE THl/ONG MAI VIET -<br /> cac tram, kho, cira hang... Nen mdt thyc te eho LAO PHAT TRIEN HON NUA<br /> thay, Viet Nam cd md eac cii'a hang nhung hoat<br /> I. Da dang hoa cac mat hang kinh doanh<br /> ddng kinh doanh trong nhieu trudng hgp rat va CO djnh hudng ro rang ve mat hang xuat<br /> kem hieu qua. Don cir, Viet Nam md 4 sieu thi khau ciia Viet Nam sang Lao<br /> d Vieng Chan, Tha Khec, Sa Vin, Pakse eiing<br /> thdi gian vdi viec thyc hien chinh sach "hang Tren eo sd phat buy lgi the so sanh cua hai<br /> ddi hang" xuat khau Viet Nam lay xe may Lao. ben, Viet Nam can chu trgng vao phat trien cae<br /> Nam 2000, khi khdng thuc hien chinh sach ddi mat hang ma Viet Nam cd lgi the, ddng thdi<br /> hang nua, thi 3 sieu thi d Tha Khec, Sa Vin va tranh thu tdi da khai thac nganh hang ma ben<br /> Pakse cung da giai the theo, chi edn Sieu thi Lao cd tai nguyen ddi dao. Mdt trong sd dd phai<br /> Hiru nghi Viet - Lao md tai Thu dd Vieng Chan ke den ngudn nguyen lieu gd rat quan trgng<br /> cdn hoat ddng cam chirng, va ed mdt khdi nhap tir Lao ve. De dam bao dn dinh ngudn gd<br /> lugng ldn hang het gia tri sir dyng, hu hdng, nguyen lieu eho edng nghiep che bien gd eiia<br /> bien chat phai hiiy bd. Ket qua, sieu thi nay da Viet Nam, can phat trien eac lien doanh khai<br /> lo gin 100 nghin USD. Nguyen nhan chinh la thac va che bien gd vdi Lao. Trong dieu kien<br /> cae sieu thj nay md ra de thyc hien viec ddi Lao thyc hien chinh sach ddng cira rimg, trudc<br /> hang xuat khau Viet Nam liy xe may cd lai cao, mat hgp tac vdi Lao tim phuong thiic lien ket<br /> nen khi dau tu da khdng td chuc dilu tra khao khai thac, che bien va xuat khau lugng gd ma<br /> sat thi trudng trudc khi dua vao boat ddng. Cac cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam da ky hgp ddng<br /> cdng ty md cira hang khdng lien doanh lien kit khai thac trudc day nhung chua dua ve dugc do<br /> duge vdi cac nha san xuat trong mrde de cd lenh cam xuat khau gd trdn cua Lao ap dung tir<br /> ngudn hang, gia ca dn dinh, khdng cd chien ngay 30/4/2001.<br /> lugc quang cao. Hon nira, khdng khai thac dugc Can md rdng mat hang kinh doanh XNK,<br /> mat hang mdi, chii yeu ban nhiing mat hang da chu ddng lien ket vdi doanh nghiep Lao de ky<br /> cd nhieu tren thi trudng nen khd canh tranh hgp ddng XNK dai han, xay dung ke hoach<br /> <br /> <br /> NhOng vin di KINH it VA CHINH TRj TH^ GIOI S6 5(169) 2010- 69<br /> Quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Lao Nguyin Xuan Thien<br /> <br /> <br /> XNK dn dinh. Khai thac eac co hdi tham gia De lam dugc dieu nay, can phai ed dinh<br /> hdi chg trien lam de gidi thieu hang hda ciia hudng rd rang vl mat xuit khau va phai cd<br /> minh va khai thac ngudn hang cua nudc ban. chien luge mat hang xuit khiu lau dai, dn dinh<br /> tren co sd phat huy lgi thi so sanh. Can tim hieu<br /> Tang cudng hgp tac theo phuong thiic "tai<br /> nhu cau, thi hieu ciia ngudi dan Lao ciing nhu<br /> nguyen ciia Lao, lao dgng ky thuat ciia Viet<br /> tim hieu ve cac mat hang cd thi tai xuat sang<br /> Nam va vdn hgp tac hoac vdn vay cua nude thii<br /> nude thii ba.<br /> ba" de tang cudng ngudn hang hda XNK. Phdi<br /> hgp vdi Lao tim each khac phye cac bat cap Can phat huy the manh ve dia ly de phat<br /> dang tdn tai trong dau tu san xuat hang hda tai trien dich vy qua canh va tam nhap tai xuat,<br /> Lao nhu kha nang thanh toan rat ban che, ehi phdi hgp vdi Lao xay dung cac chinh sach<br /> phi dau tu qua cao va thii tyc hanh chinh rat khuyen khich va hoan thien chinh sach quan<br /> phirc tap dang gay nhieu khd khan cho cae ly nham tao dieu kien tdi da eho hang hda qua<br /> doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu sang Lao. canh va tam nhap tai xuat ciia hai nudc. Phat<br /> huy thi manh ciia Lao nhu mdt thi trudng<br /> Ngoai eac ITnh vyc hien nay Viet Nam da trung chuyen de day manh xuat khau sang<br /> dau tu sang Lao nhu giao thdng, cau dudng, nudc thir ba ma trudc bet la thi trudng Ddng<br /> thiiy lgi. Trong nhiing nam tdi, cae doanh Bac Thai Lan.<br /> nghiep Viet Nam ed the khai thac cac ITnh vyc<br /> Can phdi hgp vdi Lao de khai thac cac mat<br /> nhu che bien ndng lam, thiiy san, chan nudi gia<br /> hang ma Lao cd tiem nang san xuat nhung chua<br /> sue, gia cam de tang ngudn hang XNK. Mac dii<br /> khai thac dugc do nhirng ban che ve vdn, cdng<br /> dau tu vao thi trudng Lao hien dang gap khd<br /> nghe va lao dgng. Dau tu va lien doanh vdi cac<br /> khan do co sd ha tang thieu thdn, luat dau tu<br /> doanh nghiep Lao xay dung cac eo sd che bien<br /> chua chat che va chi phi hanh chinh cao nhung<br /> ndng lam san tai eac tinh bien gidi, tang cudng<br /> cae doanh nghiep Viet Nam cd the tan dyng<br /> che bien tai dia phuong cae mat hang ndng san<br /> nhiing uu dai ve dau tu da dugc thda thuan giiia<br /> xuat khau sang Lao va lam san nhap khiu tir<br /> hai ben tai cudc hgp Lien chinh phii ngay<br /> Lao, nang cao gia tri gia tang ciia mat hang<br /> 15/1/2002.<br /> XNK va qua do nang cao hieu qua ciia boat<br /> Mat khac, do dung lugng nhap khau cua thi ddng XNK.<br /> trudng Lao ban che, vi vay cac doanh nghiep<br /> Nhanh chdng trien khai xay dung trung tam<br /> Viet Nam can tan dyng mgi eo hgi cd duge de<br /> thuong mai cua Viet Nam tai Lao dl gidi thieu<br /> day manh xuat khau eiia Viet Nam sang Lao.<br /> san phim hang hda ciia Viet Nam, tao dilu kien<br /> Nang cao kha nang canh tranh ciia hang hda<br /> de ngudi tieu diing Lao lam quen vdi cac san<br /> Viet Nam. Da dang hda co cau mat hang xuat<br /> pham va hang hda ciia Viet Nam.<br /> khau, trong do chii trgng tdi ca viec cac nha<br /> thau xay dyng Viet Nam tich eye tham gia dau 2. Day manh hop tac dau tu- gSn vdi<br /> thau va dau thau thanh cdng cac du an xay dyng thu-ong mai, chii trong dau tu- xay dyng ca sd<br /> CO sd ha tang, cac du an edng nghiep, khai ha tang va khu kinh te cira khSu<br /> khoang, cae du an ndng nghiep va du an phat Nhiing nam qua, hinh thire thuang mai giua<br /> trien xa hdi cua Lao de them co hdi xuat khau Viet Nam va Lao chu ylu la thuong mai don<br /> hang Viet Nam sang Lao. thuan, chir chua gan dugc vdi hgp tac diu tu va<br /> <br /> <br /> 70 -NhOng vin di KINH it VA CHINH 1R\ IHt GIQI So 5(169) 2010<br /> Nguyin Xuan Thien Quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Lao<br /> <br /> <br /> ky thuat. Khi diu tu gin vdi thuong mai thi ket thdi ky chua thanh lap Khu kinh tl. Tir kinh<br /> qua la quy md va kim ngach thuang mai se phat nghiem thu hut dau tu va kit qua dat duge tai<br /> triln dn djnh va vung chic hon. Hien nay, Viet Khu kinh te cira khau Lao Bao, Nha nudc cin<br /> Nam dang la mdt trong bdn nha dau tu ldn nhat tiep tyc nghien ciru va trien khai md hinh kinh<br /> tai Lao, xay dung nhieu du an trgng diem tai te cira khau thich hgp eho cae cira khiu chinh<br /> Lao, day la dilu kien thuan lgi va eiing la co hdi nhu Cau Treo, Bd Y, Nam Cin... Nhanh chdng<br /> dl Viet Nam cung cap cae san pham theo sau xay dung quy che thu hiit dau tu dn dinh cac<br /> cac du an dau tu nay vao Lao, la mdt trong khu kinh te cira khau tren eo sd riit kinh<br /> nhirng phuang each lam tang gia tri thuong mai nghiem ciia md hinh thi diem de tao tam iy<br /> rat quan trgng. yen tam, dn dinh cho cae nha dau tu. Phdi hgp<br /> vdi cac dia phuong ciia Lao de nhanh chdng<br /> Thyc te de thiic day phat trien thuang mai hinh thanh cae tuyen dudng chinh trong khu<br /> hang hda giiia Viet Nam va Lao, hai ben can thuong mai cira khau.<br /> phai day manh hgp tac dau tu va ky thuat gan<br /> Ben canh viec phat trien cae tuyen dudng<br /> vdi thuang mai, coi day la dieu kien tien quyet<br /> hanh lang tieu viing qua cae cira khau qudc te,<br /> de phat trien quan he hgp tac thuang mai lau<br /> dudng lien qudc gia qua cac cira khau chinh,<br /> dai va hieu qua.<br /> can phdi hgp vdi Lao phat trien cae tuyen<br /> Trong nhirng nam qua, hoat ddng trao ddi dudng thdng thuong giira cac dja phuang hai<br /> thuang mai hang hda giiia Lao va Viet Nam ehii ben bien gidi. Nang cap, md rdng tuyen dudng<br /> yeu thue hien qua eac cira khau chinh. Vi vay, qudc Id dan den cac cira khau chinh, tao dieu<br /> trong thdi gian tdi, tiep tyc thyc hien eac chinh kien thuan lgi cho viec van chuyen hang hda tir<br /> sach thu biit dau tu vao cac khu kinh te cira cac tinh bien gidi den cac trung tam kinh te tai<br /> khau. Tir kinh nghiem thu biit dau tu cho cira thi trudng ndi dia.<br /> khau Lao Bao - ke tir nam 2006, khi tuyIn<br /> Khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep tham gia<br /> Hanh lang kinh te duge khai thdng edng vdi<br /> diu tu phat triln kit cau ha tang, md hinh dau<br /> chinh sach uu dai dac biet tai cua khau nay, kim<br /> tu eiia Cdng ty Thuang mai Quang Binh de<br /> ngach XNK qua Lao Bao tang 114%) dat hon<br /> nang cap dudng 20 sang Lao cd the la mdt vi du<br /> 143 trieu USD, chua kl hang hda xuit khiu tai<br /> trong giai quyet van de nay.<br /> cho trong khu kinh te thuang mai dac biet va<br /> hang hda do cu dan bien gidi trao ddi, mua ban Xay dung eac co sd phan Ioai, ddng gdi so<br /> qua eac ldi md. Miic tang kim ngach tai cira che hang hda, kho bai tap ket va bao quan hang<br /> khau nay trong nhieu nam qua dat mirc trung hda. Xay dyng mang ludi dich vy tai cac khu<br /> binh 20 - 30%). Vdi eo cbl dac thii, khu kinh tl vuc cira khau, tao dieu kien sinh hoat thuan lgi<br /> thuong mai dac biet Lao Bao da trd thanh dja cho dan cu va cac ddi tugng tham gia hoat ddng<br /> ban thu hiit manh dau tu, lam thay ddi hoan kinh doanh tai bien gidi.<br /> toan dien mao viing nui hoang so, dac biet khd<br /> khan phia Tay Quang Tri. Hien nay, khu kinh te 3. Tang cirtrng sy phoi hop chat che va<br /> Lao Bao nay da tbu biit 250 doanh nghiep va thong nhat giira cac co- quan quan ly tryc<br /> 2.200 hd kinh doanh boat ddng tren cae ITnh tiep va lien nganh<br /> vyc, tren 50 du an dang ky vdn gan 4.000 ty Trong bdi canh mdi, ea Viet Nam va Lao<br /> dong, tdng gia tri san xuat tang hon 7 lan so vdi deu trong giai doan thue hien eac thda thuan da<br /> <br /> <br /> NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHINH TRj IHt GIQI S6 5(169) 2010- -.71<br /> Quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Lao NguylnXuanJhieri<br /> <br /> <br /> cam ket trong AFTA, tien trinh cat va giam 4. Tao hanh lang phap ly cho hoat dong<br /> thue. Chinh vi vay, ea hai ben can phai nd luc xuat khau hang hoa ciia Viet Nam sang Lao<br /> trong cdng tac danh cho nhau nhung uu dai va<br /> Can phai don gian hda hon nira cac chinh<br /> cd tinh din nhiing quy dinh, thdng le eiing nhu<br /> sach quan ly hang hda XNK, hai hda thii tyc hai<br /> eac cam kit qudc te. He thdng phap luat, cae quan theo chuan muc eiia Cdng udc Kyoto,<br /> hiep dinh da ky ket can thue hien dirt diem. Ndi hinh thanh cae chuong trinh thdng nhat ve thii<br /> dung cac van ban hudng dan thuc hien can de tyc quan ly hang hda XNK, giam thieu thii tyc<br /> hieu va de ap dung... tranh su chdng cheo, khdng can thiet va gay ach tac bang hda tai<br /> khdng thdng nhat giira cac van ban luat va van cira khau.<br /> ban dudi luat.<br /> Cai tien cac quy trinh quan ly hang tam nhap<br /> Mat khac, thdi gian qua eho thay, he thdng tai xuat, thdng nhat vdi Lao cac quy dinh ve<br /> quan ly thuong mai ciia cac eo quan quan ly phuong tien van tai hang tam nhap tai xuat, thdi<br /> tryc tiep va lien nganh ciia hai nudc cdn ed ban va quy che kiem tra, luu hang tai cira khau.<br /> nhieu thii tyc rudm ra, phirc tap tao ke hd tieu Xay dyng he thdng phdi hgp trao ddi thdng tin<br /> cue khi cac hang hda ciia hai ben tham nhap vao ve hang tam nliap tai xuat, tao dieu kien cho<br /> thi trudng ciia nhau. quan ly hang hda qua canh eiia hai phia.<br /> De giai quyet cac vudng mac tren, trudc mat,<br /> Nhanh chdng thyc hien cac thda thuan mdi<br /> hai ben phai thuc hien nghiem tue tat ea cae quy<br /> cam ket ve uu tien thu tue van chuyen cae san<br /> dinh hien hanh ma hai ben da thdng nhat ky vdi<br /> pham ciia nude nay dau tu san xuat d nudc<br /> nhau. Cae bd, cac nganh phai phdi hgp thyc<br /> ban duge mien thue XNK va duge luu thdng<br /> hien cac cam ket va cae hiep dinh da ky giiia<br /> nhu trong pham vi mdt nude. Don gian thii<br /> hai chinh phii dugc ddng bd va hieu qua, thao tue kiem tra, kiem soat ve sd lugng, chung<br /> gd va giai quyet kip thdi nhung vudng mac ve<br /> Ioai hang hda bang hai quan, kiem tra tai diem<br /> CO che, chinh sach lien quan den thu tue hanh<br /> ddng hang va van chuyen qua dudng bien gidi<br /> chinh va cac chinh sach lien quan khac...<br /> nhu hang qua canh.<br /> Ngoai ra, can phai tich cue ciing cd td chire<br /> Ddi vdi cae chinh sach ve trao ddi hang hda<br /> quan ly chat che cac cira khau, dudng bien gidi,<br /> giiia khu kinh te cua khau vdi thi trudng ndi dia<br /> thuc hien dung quy dinh bien gidi ma hai ben nen dua tren eo sd khuyln khich diu tu chu<br /> da thda thuan nham giam thieu va ngan chan trgng vao cac khu kinh te cira khiu, ddng thdi<br /> hanh vi budn lau, qua canh trai phep. can tich cue hon trong viec kilm soat cac hanh<br /> Cd the thay, ca Viet Nam va Lao dang rat nd vi gian lan thuong mai.<br /> luq: trong cdng tac cai each lai be thdng hanh<br /> 5. Da dang hoa mau dich bien gidi phat<br /> chinh va-khung phap ly ciing nhu cac quy dinh trien he thong chg bien gidi va quan ly hoat<br /> dieu chinh ve cac boat ddng dau tu thuong mai dong budn ban qua dudng bien<br /> ciia dat nudc minh. Day la viec lam khd khan va<br /> Thuc hien cac chinh sach uu dai trong viec<br /> tdn nhieu edng siic nhung trong tinh hinh mdi<br /> xay dung cac chg bien gidi theo Nghi dinh<br /> nd la nhiem vu cap bach va dieu nay thuc te<br /> 20/NDCP ve phat triln thuang nghiep miin<br /> quyet dinh ldn den hieu qua hgp tac kinh doanh nui. Hinh thanh va tao ngudn vdn diu tu xay<br /> ciia hai nude trong tuong lai. dyng cac chg dudng bien tir ngudn thu thul<br /> <br /> <br /> 72 -NhOng vin di KINH i t VA CHINH TRj IHt G O S6 5(169) 2010<br /> Nguyin Xuan Thien Quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Lao<br /> <br /> <br /> XNK... tao CO sd tang cudng trao ddi hang mua ban, trao ddi hang hda tai cac chg, giam<br /> hda tieu ngach. hien tugng mua ban ngay tren dudng bien gidi<br /> Phat triln he thong thuong mai ndi tinh dl giiia hai nudc.<br /> cai thien ddi sdng, tang siic mua ciia dan cu, md 6. Tang cu-dng cong tac chong buon lau va<br /> rdng pham vi tieu thy hang hda XNK qua gian lan thirgng mai<br /> dudng bien.<br /> De phat trien dugc san xuat trong nude va<br /> Phdi hgp vdi cac tinh bien gidi cua Lao de lam lanh manh hda quan he thuong mai giira<br /> xay dung cac cap chg bien gidi va quy che Viet Nam va Lao, hai ben can cd nhirng bien<br /> quan ly chg bien gidi tren eo sd eac quy che phap ngan chan nan budn lau va gian lan<br /> quan ly va quy che quan ly kinh te bien gidi thuang mai. Trudc mat can tap trung vao cac<br /> ciia moi nudc. bien phap co ban sau:<br /> Thdng nhat eac thii tyc quan ly va thu thue Phdi hgp chdng budn lau giira cae bd, nganh.<br /> hang hda trao ddi tai cac chg bien gidi giira cae Bd Thuong mai la co quan chu tri (trgng yeu la<br /> CO quan quan ly hoat ddng tai chg bien gidi. Cyc Quan ly thi trudng) lam dau mdi thyc hien<br /> Thanh lap Ban quan ly chg bien gidi thugc Uy eac ndi dung phdi hgp gdm: ra soat, soan thao<br /> ban Nhan dan huyen ed chg bien gidi. Hien nay, cac van ban quy pham phap luat ed lien quan<br /> khdng thu le phi qua bien gidi ddi vdi ngudi den cdng tac td chirc, thuc hien dau tranh chdng<br /> dan va ngudi budn ban nhd nhung vdi cae hd budn lau va gian lan thuong mai, phdi hgp<br /> budn ban ldn thi phai chiu phi 4 lin (lugt di va trong viec trao ddi thdng tin nghiep vy, xir ly vi<br /> ve ca d hai ben bien gidi Viet Nam va Lao). Vi pham, phdi hgp trong edng tac kiem tra, kiem<br /> soat thj trudng, phdi hgp de kiem tra, giam sat<br /> vay, can xem xet de nghi ciia cac hd kinh doanh<br /> va xir ly cac vi pham trong ndi bd lyc lugng<br /> ve thda thuan vdi Lao chi thu le phi qua bien<br /> chiic nang chdng budn lau, dinh ky hang quy<br /> gidi mdt lan.<br /> hoac dot xuat Bd Thuong mai td chirc hgp eac<br /> Cu the hda ban niia chinh sach ve "khuyen CO quan phdi hgp de eiing nhau kiem diem riit<br /> khich viec trao ddi, mua ban tai chg cac Ioai kinh nghiem.<br /> hang hda san xuat tai cac dia phuong ciia hai Xem xet lai he tl^dng thue va thu tyc hai<br /> nude", tang trj gia hang hoa duge mien thue quan, khae phye nhirng bat hgp ly va cac ke hd<br /> qua cira khau dudng bd so vdi miic 500.000 trong chinh sach thue dang tao dieu kien cho<br /> ddng moi lugt/ngay theo quy dinh hien nay dl budn lau phat trien.<br /> khuyen khich dan eu va thuang nhan mang<br /> Bd Thuong mai can td chiic tdt hon edng tac<br /> hang vao kinh doanh tai cac chg.<br /> quan ly thi trudng, td chure thuc hien viec quan<br /> Thanh lap cac nhdm kiem tra, quan ly cac ly thi trudng va thdng tin qua lai giira cae don<br /> hoat ddng mua ban, trao ddi hang hda tren cae vi thyc hien, can xay dung nhieu kenh thdng tin<br /> dudng mdn bien gidi, ngan chan tinh trang budn de chi dao, td chiic phdi hgp giiia cae ehi cue,<br /> lau dang cd xu hudng gia tang tai cae dudng dac biet la tren tuyen bien gidi.<br /> chinh, dudng mdn bien gidi. Nang cap dudng Nghiem tiic thuc hien quy che ghi nhan<br /> giao thdng tdi cae cira khau, cac chg bien gidi mac bang hda, Nha nude nen ed bien phap xir<br /> de tao dieu kien cho dan cu viing bien cd the tdi phat ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep san xuat trong<br /> <br /> NhOng vin di KINH T ^ VA C H I ' N H TRj T H ^ GIQI So 5(169) 2010-<br /> 7A,<br /> Quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Lao NguylnXuanJhien.<br /> <br /> <br /> nude khdng ap dyng Quy che Ghi nhan mac ban che ngudn hang nhap lau tir nude ngoai voi<br /> hang hda. myc dich thu duge lgi nhuan cao.<br /> Diy manh cdng tac giao dye, tuyen truyen, Tang cudng cdng tac phdi hgp vdi cae nganh<br /> hudng dan thuong nhan eiing nhu cho toan dan chiic nang trong td chiie va quan ly XNK hang<br /> hieu va lam theo phap luat. hda qua bien gidi, quy dinh rd pham vi tham<br /> quyen va trach nhiem cua timg nganh, timg luc<br /> Thuc hien chinh sach phat trien san xuit, tao<br /> lugng chiic nang trong dau tranh chdng budn<br /> cdng an viec lam dn dinh eho hgudi lao ddng<br /> lau. Nang cao nang luc nghiep vy cho lye lugng<br /> vimg bien. Xda ddi, giam ngheo va khdng<br /> hai quan va tao dieu kien ve phuong tien ky<br /> ngimg nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than<br /> thuat de nang cao hieu qua ciia edng tac quan<br /> eho nhan dan eac tinh bien gidi, dac biet la cac<br /> ly, giam sat hang hda XNK qua bien gidi,<br /> xa, cac huyen giap ranh vdi Lao.<br /> chong budn lau va gian lan thuang mai.<br /> Chinh phu va chinh quyen eac dia phuong<br /> Ap dyng eac hinh thirc xir ly thich hgp ddi<br /> hai ben can tang cudng quan ly hang hda, ap<br /> vdi cac td chirc va thuong nhan cd hanh vi<br /> dyng cac bien phap kiem tra chat che ngan chan<br /> budn lau va gian lan thuang mai. Ben canh dd<br /> hang gia va kem chat lugng tran vao thi trudng<br /> can tuyen truyen giao dye, ddng vien va nang<br /> Viet Nam va Lao.<br /> cao y thiic trach nhiem cho dan cu cac tinh<br /> D I han cbl tdi da viec sir dyng "cim van" va bien gidi trong viec chdng budn lau va gian<br /> cu dan bien gidi van chuyen hang nhap lau, lan thuong mai.<br /> chinh quyen dia phuong can phdi hgp vdi luc<br /> lugng bd ddi bien phdng, edng an dia ban cd Phdi hgp vdi cae luc lugng cua phia Lao<br /> bien phap quan ly chat che cu dan khu vuc bien trong viec chdng budn lau va gian lan thuang<br /> gidi tao edng an viec lam eho hg mdt each dn mai bien gidi. Neu khdng cd su phdi hgp nay<br /> dinh, cd ngudn thu nhap dam bao cudc sdng de thi hieu qua eiia edng tac chdng budn lau va<br /> khdng tiep tay cho budn lau, ddng thdi cung la gian lan thuang mai qua bien gidi dudng bd se<br /> luc lugng tham gia bao ve bien gidi lanh thd khi khdng dat hieu qua cao.<br /> can thiet. 7. Phat huy hieu qua Hanh lang Kinh te<br /> Cd chinh sach phii hgp ddi vdi khach du lich Dong Tay<br /> den nhirng chg bien gidi de tranh viec bi lgi He thdng giao thdng hanh lang Ddng - Tay<br /> dyng van chuyen bang nhap lau. trong Tilu viing sdng Me Kdng duge thilt lap<br /> Can sdm cd co che chinh sach ddng vien, va chii trgng dau tu phat triln ciia cae quoc gia<br /> khich le bang vat chat mdt each hgp le cho cac trong Tilu vimg da tao dilu kien thuan lgi va<br /> luc lugng chdng budn lau va gian lan thuong md ra triln vgng ldn phat triln giao luu hang<br /> mai thdng qua Quy Chdng budn lau. hda, phat triln thuong mai giira Viet Nam vdi<br /> Nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua hang hda Lao cung nhu ciia hai nudc Campuchia va Thai<br /> trong nude. Day la giai phap co ban de giai Lan va cae nude trong khu vuc. Viet Nam ed vi<br /> quyet nan bang hda nhap lau, trdn thue, khdng tri thuan lgi de Lao giao luu qudc tl bing<br /> kiem soat duge. Phat trien san xuat, nang cao dudng bien qua cae cang nudc sau d miin<br /> nang luc canh tranh ciia hang hda uong nudc se Trung Viet .Nam, gdp phin ban cbl nhirng trd<br /> <br /> <br /> -NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHINH TRI. IHt GIQI S6 5(169) 2010<br /> Nguyin Xuan Thien Quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Lao<br /> <br /> <br /> ngai trong budn ban qudc tl do su biet lap vdi Ciing vdi Hiep dinh khung ASEAN vl tao<br /> dudng biln cua Lao. Ngugc lai, qua Lao, Viet dieu kien thuan lgi eho hang hda qua canh dugc<br /> Nam cd thi tang cudng tilp can vdi eac nudc thyc hien tir nam 2000, hien nay eac nudc trong<br /> trong khu vuc qua cac dudng bien gidi tren bd. Tieu khu vyc: Viet Nam, Campuchia, Lao, Thai<br /> Tir nhirng nam cudi thap nien 1990 den nay, Lan, Myanmar, Trung Qudc dang thuc hien<br /> viec thue hien cac du an xay dimg eau dudng "Hiep dinh khung tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho<br /> trong Tieu vimg sdng Me Kdng da lam eho van chuyen hang hda va hanh khacb dgc bien<br /> Hanh lang Kinh te Ddng - Tay phat trien, tao gidi d khu vyc sdng Me Kdng", tao dilu kien<br /> dieu kien rat thuan lgi eho van chuyen va giao eho van chuyen hang hda va hanh khach khu<br /> luu hang hda giiia cac nudc trong Tieu viing. vyc bien gidi bang dudng bd va dudng sit, don<br /> Nhirng dy an phat trien ket cau ha tang eiia cac gian va hai hda hda nhirng quy dinh va thu tuc<br /> nudc trong khu vuc trong khudn khd Chuong lien quan den viec di chuyen d khu vuc dgc<br /> trinh Hgp tac Tieu khu vuc sdng Me Kdng se bien gidi.<br /> cai thien dang ke tinh trang ha tang hien van Nhu vay, Hanh lang Kinb te Ddng - Tay<br /> dang cdn rat ngheo nan, lac hau ciia cae dia dugc xay dung va phat trien se tao dieu kien<br /> phuang dgc tuyen Hanh lang Ddng - Tay, tao thuan lgi va md ra co hdi ldn ve phat trien<br /> lap CO sd vat chat de phat trien boat ddng trao thuong mai tai cac khu vuc cira khau bien gidi<br /> ddi, mua ban hang hda ciia cae nude trong Tieu Viet Nam - Lao, dac biet la cac cira khau tren<br /> khu vuc. doan bien gidi mien Trung Viet Nam*<br /> <br /> <br /> Tai lieu tham khao:<br /> 1. Nguyen Xuan Thang (2007): Hgp tdc Viet- Ldo trong bdi cdnh qudc ti mdi. Tap chi<br /> Nhirng vin de Kinh tl va Chinh tri Thi gidi. So 7.<br /> 2. Vu Duong Huan (2002): Quan hi ddc biit Viet - Ldo thdnh ticu vd triin vgng. Tap ehi<br /> Nghien ciiu qudc te, so 3. '<br /> 3. Bd Cdng thuong: Quy hogch phdt triin thuang mgi tgi cdc viing cua khdu bien gidi din<br /> ndm 2020, Ha Ndi.<br /> 4. Tdng cue Thdng ke (2009): Nien gidm thdng ke 2008, NXB. Thdng ke. Ha Ngi.<br /> 5. Thdng tan xa Viet Nam: Tin Kinh ti, cae sd nam 2009.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> NhOng vin di KINH i t VA CHINH TRj T H ^ G i a i So 5(169) 2010- -75<br />